Effect of External Distractions Behavior and Vehicle Control of Novice and Experienced Drivers Evaluated
Effect of External Distractions Behavior and Vehicle Control of Novice and Experienced Drivers Evaluated
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DOI：
10.3141/2321-03
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Fisher, Donald L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Divekar, Gautam;Pradhan, Anuj Kumar;Fisher, Donald L.
分心是造成车祸的主要因素，其中近三分之一被认为是由车辆外部的分心造成的。越来越多的外部干扰包括视频广告牌、大帐篷和放置在高速公路上方和旁边的可变信息标志。众所周知，车辆外部的干扰，特别是视频广告牌，对各种车辆控制措施有影响，例如到制动引导车辆的最小车头时距，并且新手驾驶员和有经验的驾驶员花费同样长的时间查看车辆外部的干扰。相比之下，有经验的司机比新手司机更不可能长时间地看车内的干扰物。这一发现提出了两个问题。首先，为什么有经验的驾驶员在车内出现次要任务时不愿意长时间盯着外部分心物？第二，如果有经验的司机牺牲了他们监测前方道路上可见危险的能力，他们是否牺牲了更多的能力来预测看不见的危险？一个评估这两个问题的实验让新手和有经验的司机在模拟器中驾驶时执行外部搜索任务（类似于阅读数字广告牌）。在整个过程中，参与者的眼球运动和车辆的测量，如车道位置和速度。主要的发现是，经验丰富的司机和新手司机的长时间的目光是以识别潜在的隐藏危险和看到暴露的移动威胁为代价的。
Distractions are a major contributor to automobile crashes, almost one-third of which are thought to be caused by distractions external to the vehicle. Increasingly, external distractions include video billboards, marquees, and variable message signs placed above and beside the highway. It is known that distractions outside the vehicle, especially video billboards, have effects on various vehicle control measures, such as the minimum headway distance to a braking lead vehicle, and that novice drivers and experienced drivers spend equally long times looking at distractions outside the vehicle. In contrast, experienced drivers are much less likely than novice drivers to take long glances at distractions inside the vehicle. This finding raises two questions. First, why are experienced drivers taking such long glances at an external distraction when they are not willing do so when a secondary task arises inside the vehicle? Second, if experienced drivers are sacrificing some of their ability to monitor visible hazards in the roadway ahead, are they sacrificing even more of their ability to anticipate unseen hazards? An experiment to evaluate these two questions had novice and experienced drivers perform an external search task (similar to reading a digital billboard) while driving in a simulator. Monitored throughout were eye movements of the participants and measures of the vehicle, such as lane position and speed. The major finding was that the long glances of both experienced and novice drivers came at the cost of identifying potential hidden hazards and seeing exposed moving threats.