Food security policies in India and China: implications for national and global food security
Food security policies in India and China: implications for national and global food security
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DOI：
10.1007/s12571-015-0432-2
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发表时间：
2015-03
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Wusheng Yu;C. Elleby;Henrik Zobbe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wusheng Yu;C. Elleby;Henrik Zobbe
粮食不安全问题在印度比在中国严重得多。除了收入和贫困的差异，我们认为在本文中，粮食政策的差异可以进一步解释两国不同的粮食安全结果。首先，印度主要使用基于价格的投入补贴来支持农业激励措施，而中国最近采用直接转移支付来支持农业激励措施，据信这种方式扭曲程度较低，效率较高。其次，两国在解决贫困消费者获得食物问题上采取了截然不同的方法，印度采用了广受批评的公共分配制度，而中国主要采用直接收入转移和其他社会安全网。第三，虽然两国都承诺投入大量财政资源来隔离各自的国内市场，特别是在最近的粮食价格飙升期间，但印度严重依赖基于价格的措施，造成了相对较大和更不稳定的财政负担，从而可能使其在未来应对类似事件时更加脆弱。这些发现对两国未来的粮食政策和粮食安全具有重要意义。
Food insecurity is a much more serious concern in India than China. In addition to income and poverty differences, we argue in this paper that differences in food policies can further explain the different food security outcomes across the two countries. First, India mostly uses price-based input subsidies to support agricultural incentives whereas China has recently adopted direct transfers to support agricultural incentives, which are believed to be less distorting and more efficient. Second, the two countries apply quite different approaches to address poor consumers’ access to food, with India adopting a widely criticized public distribution system and China mainly using direct income transfers and other social safety nets. Third, although both committed considerable fiscal resources to insulating their respective domestic markets, especially during recent food price spikes, India’s heavy dependence on price-based measures causes relatively larger and more volatile fiscal burdens, thereby likely making it more vulnerable in dealing with similar events in the future. These findings have important implications for food policy and food security in the two countries in the future.