Science denial as a form of pseudoscience
Science denial as a form of pseudoscience
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DOI：
10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.05.002
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Hansson, Sven Ove
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hansson, Sven Ove
科学否定主义对人类健康和人类文明的长期可持续性构成严重威胁。虽然它最近被广泛讨论，但这种讨论很少与大量关于伪科学和科学-伪科学界限的文献联系起来。这篇文章认为，科学否认主义应该被视为伪科学的两种主要形式之一，另外一种是伪科学的推广。详细比较了三种主要的科学否定主义形式，即相对论否定主义、进化论否定主义和气候科学否定主义。书中指出，科学否认主义与其他形式的伪科学有几个不同之处，尤其是它持续制造虚假争议、其积极分子中男性的显著优势，以及它与各种形式的右翼政治的紧密联系。有人认为，对科学否定主义的科学回应必须考虑到这些特征。尤其重要的是，要揭露捏造出来的虚假争议的本质，并揭示科学否认者如何一贯使用不正常的同意标准来扭曲科学过程。(C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Science denialism poses a serious threat to human health and the long-term sustainability of human civilization. Although it has recently been rather extensively discussed, this discussion has rarely been connected to the extensive literature on pseudoscience and the science-pseudoscience demarcation. This contribution argues that science denialism should be seen as one of the two major forms of pseudoscience, alongside of pseudotheory promotion. A detailed comparison is made between three prominent forms of science denialism, namely relativity theory denialism, evolution denialism, and climate science denialism. Several characteristics are identified that distinguish science denialism from other forms of pseudoscience, in particular its persistent fabrication of fake controversies, the extraordinary male dominance among its activists, and its strong connection with various forms of right-wing politics. It is argued that the scientific response to science denialism has to be conceived with these characteristics in mind. In particular, it is important to expose the fabricated fake controversies for what they are and to reveal how science denialists consistently use deviant criteria of assent to distort the scientific process. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.