Spaceship earth's odyssey to a circular economy - a century long perspective
Spaceship earth's odyssey to a circular economy - a century long perspective
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宇宙飞船地球的循环经济之旅——一个世纪的长远视角
DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105076
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Andreas Mayer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Haas;F. Krausmann;Dominik Wiedenhofer;C. Lauk;Andreas Mayer
循环经济是一个迅速兴起的概念，被推广为在地球边界内实现可持续资源利用的变革性方法。它正受到全球政策制定者、工业界和学术界的关注。它承诺通过尽可能长时间地保持价值来减缓、缩小和缩短社会经济物质周期，从而最大限度地减少初级资源的使用、浪费和排放。在这里，我们利用社会代谢系统的方法来研究嵌入在一个物质封闭的“宇宙飞船地球”中的全球经济，并仔细研究工业化过程中循环的发展。我们量化了从1900年到2015年对经济的主要物质和能源投入，以及对环境的所有产出。评估包括两个基本循环：一个是报废废物的二次材料的社会经济循环，另一个是根据生物地球化学系统的再生能力评估由此产生的废物和排放的生态循环。在第一个近似中，我们只认为生物质的碳中性部分是可再生的。研究发现，从1900年到2015年，社会经济和生态投入循环率从43%（41-51%）下降到27%(25-30%)，而非循环投入增加了16倍，非循环产出增加了10倍。生态循环对循环度的贡献从91%下降到76%。我们的结论是，实现循环经济的变革潜力需要通过研究和政策解决四个关键挑战：应对材料储量的增长，为生态循环制定明确的标准，消除不可持续的生物质生产，将能源系统的脱碳与循环经济相结合，优先考虑非循环流量的绝对减少，而不是最大化（再）循环。
The circular economy is a rapidly emerging concept promoted as transformative approach towards sustainable resource use within Planetary Boundaries. It is gaining traction with policymakers, industry and academia worldwide. It promises to slow, narrow and close socioeconomic material cycles by retaining value as long as possible, thereby minimizing primary resource use, waste and emissions.Herein, we utilize a sociometabolic systems approach to investigate the global economy as embedded into a materially closed “spaceship earth” and to scrutinize the development of circularity during industrialization. We quantify primary material and energy inputs into the economy, as well as all outputs to the environment from 1900-2015. The assessment includes two fundamental cycles: a socioeconomic cycle of secondary materials from end-of-life waste and an ecological cycle in which resulting waste and emissions are assessed against regenerative capacities of biogeochemical systems. In a first approximation, we consider only the carbon-neutral fraction of biomass as renewable. We find that from 1900-2015, socioeconomic and ecological input cycling rates decreased from 43% (41-51%) to 27% (25-30%), while non-circular inputs increased 16-fold and non-circular outputs 10-fold. The contribution of ecological cycling to circularity declined from 91% to 76%.We conclude that realizing the transformative potential of the circular economy necessitates addressing four key challenges by research and policy: tackling the growth of material stocks, defining clear criteria for ecological cycling and eliminating unsustainable biomass production, integrating the decarbonization of the energy system with the circular economy and prioritizing absolute reductions of non-circular flows over maximizing (re)cyclingrates.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Hansis, Eberhard;Davis, Steven J.;Pongratz, Julia
通讯作者：
Pongratz, Julia