Temperature and symbiosis affect lesion recovery in experimentally wounded, facultatively symbiotic temperate corals
Temperature and symbiosis affect lesion recovery in experimentally wounded, facultatively symbiotic temperate corals
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DOI：
10.3354/meps12114
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发表时间：
2017-04-27
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Rotjan, R. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burmester, E. M.;Finnerty, J. R.;Rotjan, R. D.
大多数造礁珊瑚的健康取决于与共生藻属光合甲藻的细胞内共生，共生藻对海洋温度的升高非常敏感。然而，在大多数热带珊瑚中，区分温度和共生状态对珊瑚健康的个体影响很难通过实验进行研究，因为共生是必然的。在这里，我们改变了兼性共生的温带石珊瑚 Astrangia poculata 的温度（9、18、24 摄氏度）和共生状态（共生、非共生），通过使用校准照片确定伤口大小并描述愈合过程随时间的发育阶段，探索温度和共生对伤口愈合的个体影响，伤口愈合是珊瑚恢复力的重要组成部分。无论温度如何，共生珊瑚都比具有较低密度的 S. psygmophilum（无共生状态）的珊瑚表现出显着的治愈优势。此外，两种共生状态的总体恢复成功率随着温度的升高而增加。这些数据表明，尽管存在异养能源，但与 S. psygmophilum 的功能性共生关系仍能促进病变恢复。在寒冷的温度下，伤口附近的愈合率和组织覆盖率降低，表明这些温带珊瑚的伤口愈合在冬季受到损害。这项研究表明，来自共生的补充能源与最佳生长条件相结合，可以促进伤口愈合，并可以深入了解促进热带珊瑚伤口恢复的因素。
The health of most reef-building corals depends upon an intracellular symbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium that is acutely sensitive to increasing ocean temperatures. However, distinguishing the individual effects of both temperature and symbiotic state on coral health is difficult to investigate experimentally in most tropical corals because the symbiosis is obligate. Here, we varied temperature (9, 18, 24 degrees C) and symbiotic state (symbiotic, aposymbiotic) in the facultatively symbiotic, temperate scleractinian coral Astrangia poculata to explore the individual impact of temperature and symbiosis on wound healing, an important component of coral resilience, by determining wound size using calibrated photographs and characterizing developmental stage through the healing process over time. Symbiotic corals demonstrated a significant healing advantage over corals with lower densities of S. psygmophilum (aposymbiotic state), regardless of temperature. In addition, overall recovery success of both symbiotic states increased with temperature. These data suggest that a functional symbiotic relationship with S. psygmophilum promotes lesion recovery despite heterotrophic energy sources. Reductions in healing rate and tissue cover near the wound site under cold temperatures suggest that wound healing is compromised during the winter in these temperate corals. This study demonstrates that supplemental energy sources from symbiosis, coupled with optimal growth conditions, promote wound healing and may offer insight into factors enhancing wound recovery in tropical corals.