SILCC-Zoom: The early impact of ionizing radiation on forming molecular clouds

SILCC-Zoom: The early impact of ionizing radiation on forming molecular clouds
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SILCC-Zoom:电离辐射对形成分子云的早期影响

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/sty2938
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
T. Naab
T. Naab
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
S. Haid;S. Walch;D. Seifried;R. Wünsch;F. Dinnbier;T. Naab

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作为SILCC-Zoom项目的一部分,我们提出了我们的第一个亚秒差距分辨率的辐射流体动力学模拟的两个分子云自洽形成从湍流,多相ISM。这些云的初始质量相似,只有104,逃逸速度为1.5 km s-1,初始能量收支也相似。我们遵循形成的星星集群与基于水槽的模型和辐射的影响,从个别大质量的恒星与基于树的辐射传输moduletreeray。光致电离辐射耦合到化学网络以跟随气体加热、冷却以及分子形成和解离。对于云演化的前300万年,我们发现,总体星星形成效率大大降低了10%的全球云值的一个因素,为1000万年后,主机大质量恒星汇的质量吸积终止。尽管效率很低,但星星的形成是在云层中触发的。因此,云的更大区域受到辐射的影响,云开始消散。时间尺度上的云是分散敏感地取决于云的子结构,特别是在高的视觉消光的气体量。辐射对高屏蔽云(MC 1)的破坏是延迟的。我们还表明,辐射输入可以维持云的热能和动能在一个恒定的水平。我们的研究结果有力地支持了大质量恒星电离辐射对解释低观测到的分子云星星形成效率的重要性。
As part of the SILCC-Zoom project, we present our first sub-parsec resolution radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of two molecular clouds self-consistently forming from a turbulent, multiphase ISM. The clouds have similar initial masses of few 104, escape velocities of ∼5 km s−1, and a similar initial energy budget. We follow the formation of star clusters with a sink-based model and the impact of radiation from individual massive stars with the tree-based radiation transfer moduletreeray. Photoionizing radiation is coupled to a chemical network to follow gas heating, cooling, and molecule formation and dissociation. For the first 3 Myr of cloud evolution, we find that the overall star formation efficiency is considerably reduced by a factor of ∼4 to global cloud values of <10 per cent as the mass accretion of sinks that host massive stars is terminated after ≲1 Myr. Despite the low efficiency, star formation is triggered across the clouds. Therefore, a much larger region of the cloud is affected by radiation and the clouds begin to disperse. The time-scale on which the clouds are dispersed sensitively depends on the cloud sub-structure and in particular on the amount of gas at high visual extinction. The damage of radiation done to the highly shielded cloud (MC1) is delayed. We also show that the radiation input can sustain the thermal and kinetic energy of the clouds at a constant level. Our results strongly support the importance of ionizing radiation from massive stars for explaining the low-observed star formation efficiency of molecular clouds.
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