Exploring the relationships between landscape complexity, wild bee species richness and reproduction, and pollination services along a complexity gradient in the Netherlands
Exploring the relationships between landscape complexity, wild bee species richness and reproduction, and pollination services along a complexity gradient in the Netherlands
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.027
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Kleijn, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bukovinszky, Tibor;Verheijen, Joke;Kleijn, David
传粉媒介群落对不断变化的景观组成表现出不同的反应。人们普遍认为，半自然栖息地覆盖范围的减少会对传粉昆虫的繁殖、种群规模和授粉服务产生负面影响，但很少有研究调查景观复杂性对传粉昆虫群落和功能的不同方面的同时影响。在 20 个相当于荷兰平均农场大小的农业景观地块中，我们研究了景观复杂性的变化如何影响野生蜜蜂丰度、物种丰富度和繁殖。为了测量授粉，我们将盆栽草莓植物作为植物计放置在景观中。景观复杂性被描述为半自然栖息地的面积。此外，我们还估计了每个景观地块的花卉资源丰度。我们预计，i）蜜蜂物种丰富度、繁殖和授粉将与半自然栖息地面积和花朵丰度呈正相关，ii）物种丰富度和繁殖将与授粉呈正相关。景观中半自然栖息地的增加既增加了在陷阱巢中定居的空巢蜜蜂的丰度，也增加了实验性白熊蜂群的生长速度，但不增加通过盘式陷阱测量的野生蜜蜂的物种丰富度。只有当半自然栖息地覆盖率较高时，草莓植物的授粉水平才会较高。物种丰富度和蜜蜂在景观中的繁殖以及授粉服务之间没有关系。景观中估计的花朵丰度仅对熊蜂群的生长产生积极影响，而对其他变量没有影响。我们的结果表明，通过建立更多的半自然栖息地或提高半自然栖息地的花朵可用性来改善农场的栖息地质量，农民可以促进许多具有重要功能的蜜蜂物种的繁殖及其提供的授粉服务。然而，蜜蜂物种丰富度似乎更难增强，需要的不仅仅是创造更多相同类型的栖息地或花朵。
Pollinator communities exhibit variable responses to changing landscape composition. A general expectation is that a decreasing cover of semi-natural habitats negatively affects pollinator reproduction, population size and pollination services, but few studies have investigated the simultaneous effects of landscape complexity on different aspects of pollinator communities and functioning.In 20 agricultural landscape plots the size of an average Dutch farm, we studied how changing landscape complexity affected wild bee abundance, species richness and reproduction. To measure pollination, we placed potted strawberry plants as phytometers in landscapes. Landscape complexity was characterized as the area of semi-natural habitats. In addition, we estimated floral resource abundance in each landscape plot. We expected that i) bee species richness, reproduction and pollination would be positively related to area of semi-natural habitats and flower abundance, and that ii) species richness and reproduction would be positively related to pollination.An increase in semi-natural habitats in landscapes increased both the abundance of cavity-nesting bees colonizing trap nests, and the growth rates of experimental Bombus terrestris L. colonies, but not the species richness of wild bees measured by pan traps. There was only a tendency for higher pollination levels of strawberry plants with higher cover of semi-natural habitats. There was no relationship between species richness and bee reproduction in a landscape and the pollination services. Estimated flower abundance in landscape had a positive effect on bumblebee colony growth only and not on the other variables.Our results suggest that, by improving habitat quality on their farms through establishing more semi-natural habitats or enhancing the flower availability in semi-natural habitats, farmers can promote reproduction of a number of functionally important bee species and the pollination services they provide. Bee species richness, however, seems to be More difficult to enhance and requires more than just creating more of the same type of habitats or flowers.