Seaweeds and Their Communities in Polar Regions
Seaweeds and Their Communities in Polar Regions
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极地地区的海藻及其群落
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Amsler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Wiencke;C. Amsler
极地海藻通常在冬春末开始生长，大约在海冰破裂的时候。它们可以在极弱的光照下生长，分布深度可达40米。此外，它们在生理上适应低温。潮间带物种对冰冻、干燥和盐度变化表现出显著的耐受性。与北极物种相比，南极物种的地方性要大得多。在南极半岛和斯匹次卑尔根群岛的岩石海岸上，80%的海底可以被海藻覆盖，其生物量水平为20公斤湿wt m2。然而，物种丰富度和生物量向高纬度方向下降。海藻是沿海水域的优势生物，因此在底栖生物食物网中起着重要作用，对底栖生物碎屑食物链可能特别重要。对食草动物的化学防御在南极很常见，但在北极的海藻中并不常见。需要进行更多的研究，特别是研究全球气候变化的影响。
Polar seaweeds typically begin to grow in late winter–spring, around the time of sea-ice breakup. They can grow under very low light enabling distributions to depths of 40 m. Moreover, they are physiologically adapted to low temperatures. Intertidal species exhibit a remarkable stress tolerance against freezing, desiccation, and salinity changes. Endemism is much greater in the Antarctic compared to the Arctic species. On rocky shores of the Antarctic Peninsula and of Spitsbergen >80% of the bottom can be covered by seaweeds with standing biomass levels 20 kg wet wt m2. Species richness and biomass declines, however, toward higher latitudes. Seaweeds are the dominant organisms in coastal waters and thus play important roles in benthic food webs and are likely to be of particular importance to benthic detrital food chains. Chemical defenses against herbivores are common in Antarctic, but not in Arctic seaweeds. More research is needed especially to study the effects of global climate changes.