Perfecting Protection for Interactive Multimedia
Perfecting Protection for Interactive Multimedia
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DOI：
10.1109/msp.2016.2639062
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
14.9
通讯作者：
Apostolopoulos, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Badr, Ahmed;Khisti, Ashish;Apostolopoulos, John
许多当前和新兴应用需要低延迟通信，包括交互式语音和视频通信、多人游戏、多人增强/虚拟现实以及各种物联网（IoT）应用。用于低延迟交互应用的前向纠错（FEC）码具有将其与传统FEC区分开的若干特性。编码和解码操作必须以顺序的方式处理数据分组流。严格的延迟约束限制了长块长度、交织或大缓冲区的使用。此外，这些代码必须实现快速恢复突发损失，但仍是其他类型的损失模式的鲁棒性。这篇教程文章提供了一个低延迟交互式应用FEC的调查。我们提供了几个说明性的例子，解释了为什么现成的代码，如里德所罗门（RS）码，数字喷泉码，或随机线性卷积（RLC）码不提供理想的错误校正这样的应用。然后，我们介绍了一些最近提出的FEC码的流，讨论他们的属性，并量化他们的性能增益，通过两个说明性的例子和模拟统计信道模型和真实的数据包的痕迹。
Many current and emerging applications require low-latency communication, including interactive voice and video communication, multiplayer gaming, multiperson augmented/ virtual reality, and various Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Forward error correction (FEC) codes for low-delay interactive applications have several characteristics that distinguish them from traditional FEC. The encoding and decoding operations must process a stream of data packets in a sequential fashion. Strict latency constraints limit the use of long block lengths, interleaving, or large buffers. Furthermore, these codes must achieve fast recovery from burst losses and yet be robust to other types of loss patterns. This tutorial article provides a survey of FEC for low-delay interactive applications. We provide several illustrative examples that explain why off-the-shelf codes such as Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, digital fountain codes, or random linear convolutional (RLC) codes do not provide ideal error correction for such applications. We then introduce some recently proposed FEC codes for streaming, discuss their properties, and quantify their performance gains through both illustrative examples and simulations over statistical channel models and real packet traces.