Exploiting Wild Relatives for Genomics-assisted Breeding of Perennial Crops.
Exploiting Wild Relatives for Genomics-assisted Breeding of Perennial Crops.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2017.00460
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Myles S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Migicovsky Z;Myles S
多年生作物是全球粮食生产和营养的重要贡献者。然而，由于许多物种体型大，幼年期长，新的多年生作物的育种是一个昂贵和耗时的过程。基因组学提供了一个有价值的工具，通过允许后代拥有感兴趣的性状在种子或幼苗阶段通过标记辅助选择（MAS）进行选择，以提高育种效率。当目标物种需要很长时间才能达到成熟，并且生长和维持成本高昂时，MAS对育种者的好处最大。因此，MAS在多年生植物中具有特别的前景，因为它们通常需要花费大量的时间和时间才能成长到成熟和评估。育种者可以用来改良多年生植物的特征良好的种质资源往往在遗传多样性方面受到限制。野生近缘种在很大程度上是未开发的理想性状来源，包括抗病性、果实质量和砧木特性。本文综述了基因组辅助育种在多年生植物中的应用，特别是与野生近缘种有用性状的渐渗有关。预测来自野生亲缘的有益表型的遗传标记的鉴定受到为驯化物种设计的基因组工具的阻碍，所述驯化物种通常不适合用于野生亲缘。因此，迫切需要更好的野生近缘种基因组资源。通过基因组学利用野生多样性的另一个障碍是表型分析的瓶颈：强大的遗传作图需要对大量不同野生种质进行准确和具有成本效益的表征。虽然基因组学将始终与传统育种方法结合使用，但它是加快育种速度和降低育种成本的有力工具，同时收获野生近缘种的潜力，以改善多年生作物。
Perennial crops are vital contributors to global food production and nutrition. However, the breeding of new perennial crops is an expensive and time-consuming process due to the large size and lengthy juvenile phase of many species. Genomics provides a valuable tool for improving the efficiency of breeding by allowing progeny possessing a trait of interest to be selected at the seed or seedling stage through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The benefits of MAS to a breeder are greatest when the targeted species takes a long time to reach maturity and is expensive to grow and maintain. Thus, MAS holds particular promise in perennials since they are often costly and time-consuming to grow to maturity and evaluate. Well-characterized germplasm that breeders can tap into for improving perennials is often limited in genetic diversity. Wild relatives are a largely untapped source of desirable traits including disease resistance, fruit quality, and rootstock characteristics. This review focuses on the use of genomics-assisted breeding in perennials, especially as it relates to the introgression of useful traits from wild relatives. The identification of genetic markers predictive of beneficial phenotypes derived from wild relatives is hampered by genomic tools designed for domesticated species that are often ill-suited for use in wild relatives. There is therefore an urgent need for better genomic resources from wild relatives. A further barrier to exploiting wild diversity through genomics is the phenotyping bottleneck: well-powered genetic mapping requires accurate and cost-effective characterization of large collections of diverse wild germplasm. While genomics will always be used in combination with traditional breeding methods, it is a powerful tool for accelerating the speed and reducing the costs of breeding while harvesting the potential of wild relatives for improving perennial crops.