The cross goes north : processes of conversion in northern Europe, AD 300-1300
The cross goes north : processes of conversion in northern Europe, AD 300-1300
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十字架向北：北欧的皈依过程，公元 300-1300 年
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发表时间：
2003
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通讯作者：
M. Carver
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作者：
M. Carver
在欧洲，十字架随着世纪的展开而向北和向东延伸：从丁格尔半岛到爱沙尼亚，从阿尔卑斯山到拉普兰，时间跨度从3世纪和4世纪的罗马不列颠和高卢到1000年后波罗的海地区各民族的皈依。这些转变的情节构成了这里的基本叙述。历史鼓励人们相信，接受基督教是不可抗拒的，但专家们通过将聚光灯从记录他们胜利的传教士转向皈依者，探索他们当地的情况和动机，展示了这一过程的阴暗面。北方人对基督教的信息有什么反应？他们为什么要为了联盟而采用它呢？他们如何调整基督教的精神和基础设施，以适应自己的社区？皈依宗教对农民、铁匠、王子和妇女的地位有何影响？社会是完全改变了，还是仅仅在信仰和迷信的边缘问题上改变了？来自北方欧洲的38位专家在这里讨论了这些问题;一些答案来自对文本的敏锐重读，但大多数都归功于历史、艺术史和考古学的共同努力。马丁·卡弗是约克大学考古学教授。
In Europe, the cross went North and East as the centuries unrolled: from the Dingle Peninsula to Estonia, and from the Alps to Lapland, ranging in time from Roman Britain and Gaul in the third and fourth centuries to the conversion of peoples in the Baltic area a thousand years later. These episodes of conversion form the basic narrative here. History encourages the belief that the adoption of Christianity was somehow irresistible, but specialists show the underside of the process by turning the spotlight from the missionaries, who recorded their triumphs, to the converted, exploring their local situations and motives. What were the reactions of the northern peoples to the Christian message? Why would they wish to adopt it for the sake of its alliances? In what way did they adapt the Christian ethos and infrastructure to suit their own community? How did conversion affect the status of farmers, of smiths, of princes and of women? Was society wholly changed, or only in marginal matters of devotion and superstition? These are the issues discussed here by thirty-eight experts from across northern Europe; some answers come from astute re-readings of the texts alone, but most are owed to a combination of history, art history and archaeology working together. Martin Carver is Professor of Archaeology, University of York.