Pollination of Campomanesia phaea (Myrtaceae) by night-active bees: a new nocturnal pollination system mediated by floral scent
Pollination of Campomanesia phaea (Myrtaceae) by night-active bees: a new nocturnal pollination system mediated by floral scent
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DOI：
10.1111/plb.12520
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Alves-dos-Santos, I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cordeiro, G. D.;Pinheiro, M.;Alves-dos-Santos, I.
蜜蜂是被子植物最重要的昼夜传粉者。几组蜜蜂形成了夜间/黄昏的习性，但人们对它们在授粉中的作用以及某些植物是否专门适应这些蜜蜂知之甚少。我们采用多学科方法来研究繁殖生物学，并了解夜间/黄昏蜜蜂在 Campomanesia phaea（桃金娘科）（俗称 cambuci）授粉中的作用。我们研究了 C.phaea 的花生物学和育种系统。我们收集了花卉访客并测试了授粉媒介的有效性。我们还确定了夜间和白天释放的花香，并研究了黄昏/夜间蜜蜂对这些气味的行为反应。 cambuci 的花是自交不亲和的，花粉是花粉的唯一资源。花期持续14小时左右，从夜间04:30开始。花朵释放出14种挥发性化合物，主要是脂肪族和芳香族化合物。我们收集了 52 种访花植物，主要是蜜蜂。夜间和黄昏的蜜蜂（四种）是最常见的物种和唯一有效的传粉者。在夜间进行的野外生物测定中，夜间/黄昏蜜蜂被由六种最丰富的化合物组成的合成气味混合物所吸引。这项研究描述了植物与其夜间蜜蜂传粉者之间的第一个气味介导的授粉系统。此外，C.phaea 具有多种花卉特征，不允许分类为其他夜间授粉综合症（例如，在日出之前就已经吸引传粉者，花粉是唯一的奖励），相反，它是一种专门适应夜间蜜蜂的植物。
Bees are the most important diurnal pollinators of angiosperms. In several groups of bees a nocturnal/crepuscular habit developed, yet little is known about their role in pollination and whether some plants are adapted specifically to these bees. We used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the reproductive biology and to understand the role of nocturnal/crepuscular bees in pollination of Campomanesia phaea (Myrtaceae), popularly named cambuci.We studied the floral biology and breeding system of C.phaea. We collected the floral visitors and tested the pollinators' effectiveness. We also determined the floral scents released at night and during daytime, and studied behavioural responses of crepuscular/nocturnal bees towards these scents.The flowers of cambuci were self-incompatible and had pollen as the only resource for flower visitors. Anthesis lasted around 14h, beginning at 04:30h at night. The flowers released 14 volatile compounds, mainly aliphatic and aromatic compounds. We collected 52 species of floral visitors, mainly bees. Nocturnal and crepuscular bees (four species) were among the most frequent species and the only effective pollinators. In field bioassays performed at night, nocturnal/crepuscular bees were attracted by a synthetic scent blend consisting of the six most abundant compounds.This study describes the first scent-mediated pollination system between a plant and its nocturnal bee pollinators. Further, C.phaea has several floral traits that do not allow classification into other nocturnal pollination syndromes (e.g. pollinator attraction already before sunrise, with pollen as the only reward), instead it is a plant specifically adapted to nocturnal bees.