Use of synthetic stimulants and hallucinogens in a cohort of electronic dance music festival attendees
Use of synthetic stimulants and hallucinogens in a cohort of electronic dance music festival attendees
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DOI：
10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.11.017
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Logan, Barry K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mohr, Amanda L. A.;Friscia, Melissa;Logan, Barry K.
新的精神活性物质(NPS)，通常被描述为旨在规避现有立法的未受监管的精神活性化合物，已成为非法药物市场的主流。由于NPS具有改变身体和精神的特性，在电子舞蹈节(EDM)上可能会故意或无意地摄入NPS，以提高参与者对音乐的欣赏和整体体验。它们在EDM节日上的广泛使用已经被很好地记录下来，在美国已经报告了几起与NPS摄入有关的不良事件和死亡。任何特定NPS在任何给定时间点流行的多样性和快速更替给公共卫生官员、执法部门和法医科学界带来了几个挑战。流行病学研究往往是在药物在使用者中的受欢迎程度达到顶峰很久之后才发表的，而测试的范围往往无法发现、识别或报告最新的可用药物。这项研究的目的包括发现新出现的NPS，确定它们的总体流行率，并确定在目标人群中的使用模式和趋势。在两年的时间里，从396名EDM节日参与者(126份血液样本；227份尿液样本；384份口腔液体样本)中收集了生物样本。此外，还收集了过去一周内处方和娱乐用药的调查数据，并跟踪询问了此人摄入了什么物质(S)、服用量、最后一次服用该物质的时间和感觉到的效果。所有生物样本都经过筛选，随后在适当的情况下予以确认和/或量化。在回答调查问题时，72%的参与者报告在过去一周内使用了娱乐药物或药材。吸毒者最常报告使用大麻和酒精，其次是“Molly”和可卡因。在接受测试的396人中，大约75%的人在至少一份药物和/或酒精生物样本中呈阳性。在这些阳性样本中，36%被确认含有一种或多种核酚和/或3，4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺(MDMA)。2014年证实α-PVP阳性的样本支持了与NPS相关的高周转率和人气飙升，然而一年后，没有一个病例α-PVP呈阳性，相反，越来越多的受试者乙酮呈阳性。(C)2017爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS), often characterized as unregulated psychoactive compounds designed to circumvent existing legislation, have become mainstream on the illicit drug market. Because of their physical and mind-altering properties, NPS may be deliberately or inadvertently ingested at electronic dance music (EDM) festivals to enhance the attendees' appreciation of the music and overall experience. Their widespread use at EDM festivals have been well documented and several adverse events and fatalities associated with NPS ingestion have been reported in the United States. The diversity and rapid turnover in the prevalence of any particular NPS at any given point of time has created several challenges for public health officials, law enforcement, and forensic science communities. Epidemiological studies are often published long after drugs have cycled through the peak of their popularity with users and the scope of testing frequently failing to detect, identify or report the most recently available drugs. The aims of the study included discovering emerging NPS, ascertaining their overall prevalence and determining patterns of use and trends within this targeted population.Over the course of two years, biological samples were collected from 396 (126 blood samples; 227 urine samples; and 384 oral fluid samples) EDM festival attendees. Additionally, survey data regarding prescription and recreational drug use within the last week were collected with follow-up questions related to what substance(s) the person had ingested, amount taken, when the substance was last taken and perceived effects. All biological samples were screened and subsequently confirmed and/or quantified, when appropriate. In response to survey questions, 72% of the participants reported using a recreational drug or medicinal substance within the last week. Users most commonly reported using marijuana and alcohol, followed by "Molly" and cocaine. Of the 396 individuals tested, approximately 75% of the population was positive in at least one biological specimen for drugs and/or alcohol. Of those positive samples, 36% were confirmed to contain one or more NPS and/or 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA). High rates of turnover and spikes in popularity related to NPS are supported by samples confirming positive for alpha-PVP in 2014, however, one year later not a single case was positive for alpha-PVP, and instead increasing numbers of subjects were positive for ethylone. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.