The age of fathers in the USA is rising: an analysis of 168 867 480 births from 1972 to 2015
The age of fathers in the USA is rising: an analysis of 168 867 480 births from 1972 to 2015
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DOI：
10.1093/humrep/dex267
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Eisenberg, Michael L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khandwala, Yash S.;Zhang, Chiyuan A.;Eisenberg, Michael L.
研究问题：在过去的40年里，美国的平均父亲年龄是如何变化的？简要答复：在美国，男性养育子女的年龄一直在增加，尽管它因种族、地理区域和父亲的教育水平而异。已知：虽然母亲平均年龄的增加及其对生育率、出生结果和公共卫生的影响已经有了很好的记录，但对美国出生的父亲特征知之甚少。设计，尺寸，持续时间：父亲的年龄和报告模式的回顾性数据分析168 867 480活产在美国自1972年carried. PARTICAPITANTS/材料，设置，方法：所有活产在美国收集通过国家生命统计系统（NVSS）的疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）进行了评价。逆概率加权（IPW）被用来减少偏差，由于缺失的父亲records.Main结果和机会的作用：平均父亲的年龄在过去的44年从27.4年增加到30.9年。大学教育和东北出生状态与较高的父亲年龄有关。还确定了种族/族裔差异，亚裔父亲年龄最大，黑人父亲年龄最小。在过去44年中，父母年龄差异（父亲年龄减去母亲年龄）有所减少。黑人和美洲原住民母亲的出生往往缺乏父亲的数据，这意味着低父亲的报告。父亲的报告是更高的年龄和教育程度更高的women.Limitations，理由回避：虽然我们利用IPW，以减少父亲的报告偏差的影响，我们的估计可能仍然受到影响的缺失数据在NVSS。更广泛的影响的调查结果：父亲的年龄正在上升，在美国所有地区，种族和教育水平。鉴于对后代健康和人口模式的影响，有必要对这一趋势进行进一步研究。
STUDY QUESTION: How has the mean paternal age in the USA changed over the past 4 decades?SUMMARY ANSWER: The age at which men are fathering children in the USA has been increasing over time, although it varies by race, geographic region and paternal education level.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: While the rise in mean maternal age and its implications for fertility, birth outcomes and public health have been well documented, little is known about paternal characteristics of births within the USA. STUDYDESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A retrospective data analysis of paternal age and reporting patterns for 168 867 480 live births within the USA since 1972 was conducted.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: All live births within the USA collected through the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were evaluated. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to reduce bias due to missing paternal records.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Mean paternal age has increased over the past 44 years from 27.4 to 30.9 years. College education and Northeastern birth states were associated with higher paternal age. Racial/ethnic differences were also identified, whereby Asian fathers were the oldest and Black fathers were the youngest. The parental age difference (paternal age minus maternal age) has decreased over the past 44 years. Births to Black and Native American mothers were most often lacking paternal data, implying low paternal reporting. Paternal reporting was higher for older and more educated women.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Although we utilized IPW to reduce the impact of paternal reporting bias, our estimates may still be influenced by the missing data in the NVSS.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Paternal age is rising within the USA among all regions, races and education levels. Given the implications for offspring health and demographic patterns, further research on this trend is warranted.