The Induction of Self-Fertility in Tree Fruits
The Induction of Self-Fertility in Tree Fruits
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果树自花受精的诱导
DOI：
10.1080/00221589.1954.11513813
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发表时间：
1954
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. K. Crowe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Lewis;L. K. Crowe
不同树种之间的异花授粉对于一种作物的生产是必要的，这一认识已经消除了现代大规模水果种植中由自我不育造成的主要困难之一。但是，即使有了这些知识，种植自育品种仍然有优势。首先，由于可以在没有传粉者的情况下种植同一品种的大块，因此收获和栽培更加简单和经济。其次，正如Crane和Brown(1937)所指出的，“由于理论结论表明，自交亲和变种可能对自交不亲和变种普遍有效，因此可能具有相当大的实用价值”。第三，有证据表明(贝特曼，1947a，1947b)，蜂箱蜜蜂主要将它们的工作限制在180平方英尺的面积内。比一棵大果树大不了多少，它们很少在这一地区的一次觅食中游荡。巴特勒(1943)发现，当很少的蜜蜂在凉爽的条件下工作时，这种局部性会得到强调，这种凉爽的条件通常是在果实开花的时候。这将导致自花授粉和轻作物。这一因素非常重要的证据来自李子，李子既有自我不育的品种，也有自育的品种。大多数常规作物，如维多利亚、珀尔肖尔和丹尼斯顿的超级作物，都是自交可育的；更不稳定的作物，即使有异花授粉的规定，如总统和老格雷格，也是自育的。由此可见，其他果树的自育品种可能对果实生长有利。本报告描述了一种诱导完全自交的方法。首先在一种具有与果树相似的自我不育系统的物种中进行测试，后来在樱桃上成功地重复了这一测试。
THE knowledge that cross-pollination between varieties of tree fruits is necessary for the production of a crop has removed one of the main difficulties, in modern massed fruitgrowing, caused by self-sterility. But even with this knowledge there still remain advantages in growing self-fertile varieties. Firstly, owing to the possibility of growing large blocks of one variety without pollinators, the harvesting and cultivation are simpler and more economical. Secondly, as pointed out by Crane and Brown (1937)," since theoretical conclusions indicate that a self-compatible variety is likely to be universally effective on self-incompatibles it might be of considerable practical value". Thirdly, evidence has shown (Bateman, 1947a, 1947b) that hive bees mainly confine their work to an area of 180 sq. ft., ie not much larger than a good-sized fruit tree, and only rarely do they wander during a single forage from this area. This localization has been found by Butler (1943) to be accentuated when few bees are working in the cool conditions often prevailing at the time of fruit blossoming. This would result in self-pollination and a light crop. Evidence that this factor can be very important comes from plums in which there are both self-sterile and self-fertile varieties. Most of the regular croppers such as Victoria, Pershore and Denniston's Superb are self-fertile; the more erratic croppers even with provision for cross-pollination, such as President and Old Greengage, are self-sterile. From this it would appear that self-fertile varieties of other fruit species might be of advantage to fruitgrowing. The present account describes a method for inducing complete self-fertility,. first tested in a species which has a self-sterility system similar to that in fruit trees, and later successfully repeated with cherries.