HEPATITIS-E - EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY
HEPATITIS-E - EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/rmv.1980020104
复制
发表时间：
1992-03-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
BRADLEY, DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BRADLEY, DW
肠道和胃肠外传播的非甲型、非乙型肝炎（分别为 ET-NANBH 和 PT-NANBH）长期以来被认为是人类发病和死亡的重要原因。然而，直到最近，人们对这两种疾病的病因知之甚少，只是根据每种疾病的流行病学、临床和组织学特征强烈怀疑病毒因子。针对甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV)’” 和乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 3、4 急性感染标记物的灵敏和特异血清学检测方法的开发，使我们认识到许多与粪便污染水相关的肝炎流行并非由 HAV5 引起，并且大多数输血后肝炎是由于感染 HBV 以外的物质所致。6 对这两种形式的 NANBH 的实验室研究基本上不成功，直到 2017 年确定并开发了合适的人类疾病灵长类动物模型。以下讨论总结了目前对 ET-NANBH（以下简称戊型肝炎）的了解，并回顾了最新的研究成果，包括病毒基因组的分子克隆和血清诊断检测的发展。有关戊型肝炎和丙型肝炎（PT-NANBH）的广泛一般性综述可在其他地方找到。
The enterically and parenterally transmitted forms of nonA, nonB hepatitis (ET-NANBH and PT-NANBH, respectively) have long been recognised as important causes of morbidity and mortality in man. Until recently, however, little was known about the aetiology of either except that viral agents were strongly suspected on the basis of the epidemiological, clinical and histological features of each disease. The development of sensitive and specific serological assays for markers of acute infection by hepatitis A virus (HAV)’” and hepatitis B virus (HBV) 3, 4 led to the realisation that many epidemics of hepatitis associated with faecally contaminated water were not caused by HAV5 and that the majority of post-transfusion hepatitis was due to infection with an agent other than HBV. 6 Laboratory studies of both forms of NANBH were largely unsuccessful until suitable primate models of human disease were identified and developed in the late 1970s and early-to-mid 1980s. The following discussion summarises what is currently known about ET-NANBH (hereafter referred to as hepatitis E) and reviews the latest research findings, including molecular cloning of the viral genome and the development of serodiagnostic assays. Extensive general reviews of both hepatitis E and hepatitis C (PT-NANBH) can be found elsewhere.’-I3