DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN RETINA - PATTERNS OF CELL DISTRIBUTION AND REDISTRIBUTION IN THE GANGLION-CELL LAYER
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN RETINA - PATTERNS OF CELL DISTRIBUTION AND REDISTRIBUTION IN THE GANGLION-CELL LAYER
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.902330403
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
RUSSELL, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PROVIS, JM;VANDRIEL, D;RUSSELL, P
本文研究了人胚胎视网膜脑室层的神经发生和节细胞层的细胞形态发育。在胚胎期结束时，在视网膜的整个外表面都可以看到有丝分裂的图像。通过. apprx。妊娠14周，中央视网膜中的有丝分裂已经停止，并且在构成apx的明确区域内，感光细胞核的分化是明显的。2%的视网膜面积。该区域大致位于推定的中央凹位置的中心，通过该位置的视锥细胞核的独家发育来识别。视网膜有丝分裂停止的区域随着妊娠的进展而增加。在妊娠中期，心室层中有丝分裂占据约。77%的视网膜外表面，并且约孕30周时心室层细胞分裂停止。神经节细胞层的细胞密度分布在研究的所有阶段（14-40周）是不均匀的。密度最高的是在. apprx。17周妊娠和中期妊娠的成人模式的细胞地形图是目前与地图显示升高的细胞密度在后视网膜和沿着水平子午线。细胞密度普遍下降，在整个妊娠期的剩余时间，除了在后视网膜，在中央凹周围神经节细胞层的密度仍然很高，在妊娠的下半年。有一个快速下降，在中央凹神经节细胞层的细胞密度接近妊娠末期和高密度的持久性在中央凹周围区域可能与细胞迁移远离发展中的中央凹。神经节细胞层中的细胞总数在妊娠约18至30周之间最高（220 - 250万个细胞）。此后，细胞数量迅速下降至150 - 170万个细胞。自然发生的神经元死亡是这种下降的主要原因。
Neurogenesis in the ventricular layer and the development of cell topography in the ganglion cell layer were studied in whole-mounts of human fetal retinae. At the end of the embryonic period mitotic figures were seen over the entire outer surface of the retina. By .apprx. 14 wk gestation mitosis had ceased in central retina and differentiation of photoreceptor nuclei was evident within a well-defined area which constituted .apprx. 2% of total retina area. This area was approximately centered on the site of the putative fovea, identified by the exclusive development of cone nuclei at that location. The area of retina in which mitosis had ceased increased as gestation progressed. By mid-gestation mitosis in the ventricular layer occupied .apprx. 77% of the outer surface of the retina and by .apprx. 30 wk gestation mitosis in the ventricular layer had ceased. Cell density distributions in the ganglion cell layer were nonuniform at all stages studied (14-40 wk). Densities were highest at .apprx. 17 wk gestation and by midgestation the adult pattern of cell topography was present with maps showing elevated cell densities in posterior retina and along the horizontal meridian. Cell densities generally declined throughout the remainder of the gestation period, except in the posterior retina, where densities in the perifoveal ganglion cell layer remained high during the 2nd half of gestation. There is a rapid decline in cell density in the foveal ganglion cell layer toward the end of gestation and the persistence of high densities in the perifoveal region may be related to migration of cells away from the developing fovea. The total population of cells in the ganglion cell layer was highest (2.2-2.5 million cells) between about weeks 18 and 30 of gestation. After this the cell population declined rapidly to 1.5-1.7 million cells. Naturally occurring neuronal death is largely responsible for this decline.