Cue Exposure and Relapse Prevention
Cue Exposure and Relapse Prevention
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提示暴露和复发预防
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4613-3415-6_9
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发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
H. Rankin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Hodgson;H. Rankin
强迫行为和成瘾在很多方面非常相似。在这两种情况中，都有一种强烈的冲动去做一些难以抗拒的事情。它们通常会减轻焦虑，但有时却难以停止，而且如果持续下去，就会伴随着焦虑的增加和一种无助感。通常，强迫行为和成瘾都非常强大，以至于家庭或工作职责都被忽视，而且当情况严重时，两者都涉及重复性的刻板行为。成瘾和强迫行为都是非理性自我毁灭行为的主要例子，这种行为是人类状况的一部分，并且两者通常都被认为是最棘手的问题之一。如果它们在很多方面都相似，那么将“强迫模型”应用于酗酒可能会有一些好处，特别是因为在治疗强迫症方面最近有了一些进展（例如，迈耶，1966；拉赫曼和霍奇森，1980；拉赫曼、霍奇森和马克斯，1971）。多项研究已经清楚地表明，通过一种消退程序可以改变强迫行为，这种程序包括长时间暴露于那些引发或至少影响强迫仪式的线索之下。强迫洗手的人会被劝说去触摸“被污染”的物体，然后抵抗洗手的冲动，这样想象中的污染就会传播到所有人和所有事物上。一个觉得必须反复检查煤气阀门的人会被劝说尽快离开而不进行检查。
Compulsions and addictions are very similar in many respects. In both, there is a strong urge to do something which is difficult to resist. They often lead to a reduction in anxiety but are sometimes difficult to stop, and then, if prolonged, they are associated with an increase in anxiety and a feeling of helplessness. Frequently, both compulsions and addictions are so powerful that family or work responsibilities are ignored, and both, when severe, involve repetitive stereotyped actions. Both addictions and compulsions are prime examples of the irrational self-destructive behavior which is part of the human condition, and both are generally considered to be among the most intractable of problems. If they are similar in so many ways, then there may be some advantage to be gained from applying a “compulsion model” to alcoholism, especially since there have been recent advances in the treatment of compulsive disorders (e.g., Meyer, 1966; Rachman & Hodgson, 1980; Rachman, Hodgson, & Marks, 1971). It has been clearly demonstrated in a number of studies that compulsions can be modified by an extinction procedure involving prolonged exposure to those cues which trigger, or at least influence, the compulsive ritual. The compulsive hand washer is persuaded to touch “contaminated” objects and then resist the urge to wash so that the imaginary contamination is spread to all and sundry. A person who feels compelled to check and recheck gas taps off as quickly as possible without checking.