Disparity in Built Environment and Its Impacts on Youths' Physical Activity Behaviors During COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions.
Disparity in Built Environment and Its Impacts on Youths' Physical Activity Behaviors During COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s40615-022-01341-3
复制
发表时间：
2023-08
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Tulchin-Francis, Kirsten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gu, Xiangli;Keller, Jean;Zhang, Tao;Dempsey, Dana R;Roberts, Heather;Jeans, Kelly A;Stevens, Wilshaw;Borchard, Justine;VanPelt, Jonathan;Tulchin-Francis, Kirsten
在社会生态模型的指导下，本研究旨在考察建成环境(即步行/骑自行车基础设施、娱乐设施、社区安全/犯罪)、青少年转型能力与新冠肺炎限制下青少年身体活动和游戏行为变化的关系。种族和社会经济地位(SES)的差异也在新冠肺炎限制期间的研究变量上进行了检查。一项横断面研究设计被用来评估一项由美国父母/监护人完成的匿名在线调查。最终样本包括1324名儿童和青少年(平均 = 9.75；SD = 3.95；51.3%女孩)，35.5%的家庭属于上层社会经济阶层(收入 >； 为150,000美元)。家长反映了新冠肺炎疫情限制期间儿童感知的建筑环境和邻里安全、孩子的PA和游戏行为。能够获得安全建筑环境的年轻人更活跃，更多地在室外/室内玩耍(p <； .01)。研究发现，新冠肺炎限制期间，院子和邻居的游戏行为显著增加，而社区游戏行为显著减少。扫描电子显微镜分析(χ2/DF = 236.04/54；CFI = .966)支持社区安全对新冠肺炎限制期间PA变化的间接和直接影响，青少年对新冠肺炎限制的反应能力起到完全中介作用。低社会地位和西班牙裔少数族裔青年报告说，与社会地位中等/高社会地位的非西班牙裔同龄人相比，在他们的社区散步或玩耍的安全性显著降低(p <； .001)。不论种族，低社会地位组的平均动脉压下降幅度明显高于高社会地位组和中等社会地位组(p <； .001)。这些发现表明，有必要调整计划和政策，以帮助高危群体(例如，低社会经济地位者)在新冠肺炎大流行期间和之后保持活跃、健康和弹性。
Guided by the social ecological model, this study aimed to examine the relations of built environments (i.e., walking/cycling infrastructure, recreation facilities, neighborhood safety/crime), youth’s transition abilities, and changes of youth’s physical activity (PA) and play behaviors due to COVID-19-based restrictions. Ethnic and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities were also examined on studies variables during the COVID-19 restrictions. A cross-sectional research design was used to assess an anonymous online survey completed by US parents/guardians. The final sample had 1324 children and adolescents (Meanage = 9.75; SD = 3.95; 51.3% girls), and 35.5% the families were of upper socioeconomic class (income > $150,000). Parents reported the perceived built environment and neighborhood safety, child’s PA and play behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic shelter-in-place restrictions. Youths who had access to safe built environment were more active and played more outdoor/indoor (p < .01). It was found playing behavior in yard and neighborhood were significantly increased, but community-based play behavior was significantly reduced during COVID-19 restrictions. The SEM analysis (χ2/df = 236.04/54; CFI = .966) supported indirect and direct effects of neighborhood safety on PA changes during COVID-19 restrictions, and the youth’s ability to respond to COVID-19 restrictions served as a full mediator. Low-SES and Hispanic minority youth reported significantly less safety to walking or playing in their neighborhoods than their middle-/high-SES non-Hispanic peers (p < .001). Regardless of ethnicity, the magnitude of the reduction of MVPA was significantly higher among low-SES groups than that of the high- and middle-SES groups (p < .001). These findings demonstrate a need to tailor programs and policies to help high-risk groups (e.g., low SES) stay active, healthy, and resilient during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.