Effects of planting patterns plastic film mulching on soil temperature, moisture, functional bacteria and yield of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China
Effects of planting patterns plastic film mulching on soil temperature, moisture, functional bacteria and yield of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.026
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Xiao-dong Zhao;Xiaoqun Qin;Tingliang Li;Han-bing Cao;Ying-he Xie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiao-dong Zhao;Xiaoqun Qin;Tingliang Li;Han-bing Cao;Ying-he Xie
黄土高原冬小麦产量受干旱和低温的影响。垄沟覆膜和平地覆膜是两种常用的保墒措施，有利于小麦生产。前期研究表明，FP比RP能更有效地提高小麦产量，但其原因尚不清楚。覆盖方式对功能菌的影响也有待进一步研究。以冬小麦为试验材料，研究了不同覆盖方式对土壤温度、水分、微生物及产量的影响。结果表明，当土壤温度较低时，FP具有增温效应，当土壤温度过高时，FP具有降温效应。然而，在RP方法调节土壤温度的能力是不稳定的，随年份而变化。FP处理的土壤负积温最低，分别比RP和平播不覆膜（NP）处理低20- 89%和43-99%。与NP处理相比，FP和RP处理能更好地将小麦生长所需的深层土壤水分转移到表层土壤中，使小麦生长初期的表层土壤水分（尤其是FP）比NP处理更充足。但由于研究区水资源有限，后期各处理的表层蓄水量差异不大。FP处理的小麦产量显著高于RP和NP处理，分别提高12- 16%和23- 56%。土壤负积温与穗数、产量呈极显著正相关。RP处理的Chao 1和Shannon指数分别比NP处理高17和3.9%。但网络关系分析表明，RP处理后细菌种间关系减弱。RP处理的解磷菌、氨化菌和硝化菌活性高于FP处理，且具有硝酸盐还原能力的微生物和植物病原菌在RP处理中受到抑制，从而改善了小麦的养分有效性和生境。
The yield of winter wheat is hindered by drought and low temperature in the Loess Plateau of China. Two common mulching methods to conserve soil moisture, ridge furrows with plastic film mulching (RP) and flat soil surfaces with plastic film mulching (FP) are helpful for wheat production. Our previous study indicated that FP could improve wheat yield more effectively than RP, but the reason remains unclear. The effect of mulching method on functional bacteria also needs to be further studied. In this study, winter wheat was employed to evaluate the impacts of mulching method on soil temperature, moisture content, microorganisms and grain yield. The results showed that FP had a warming effect when the soil temperature was low and a cooling effect when the temperature was too high. However, the ability to regulate soil temperature in the RP method was unstable and varied with year. The lowest negative accumulated soil temperature was found in the FP treatment, which was 20–89 and 43–99% lower than that of the RP and flat sowing with non-film mulching control (NP) treatments, respectively. Deep soil moisture was better transferred to topsoil for wheat growth in the FP and RP treatments than the NP treatment, which made the topsoil moisture in the two treatments (especially FP) more sufficient than that in the NP treatment during the early growing stage of wheat. However, due to the limited water resources in the study area, there was almost no difference between treatments in topsoil water storage during the later stage. The wheat yield in the FP treatment was significantly higher, by 12–16 and 23–56%, respectively, than in the RP and NP treatments. Significant positive correlations were observed among the negative accumulated soil temperature, spike number and wheat yield. The Chao1 and Shannon indices in the RP treatment were 17 and 3.9% higher than those in the NP treatment, respectively. However, according to network relationship analysis, the interspecific relationships of bacteria were weakened in the RP treatment. Phosphorus solubilizing, ammonification and nitrification bacteria were more active in the RP than in the FP treatment, and microbes with nitrate reduction ability and plant pathogens were inhibited in the RP treatment, which improved nutrient availability and habitat for wheat.