Identities and distributions of the co-invading ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts of exotic pines in the Hawaiian Islands
Identities and distributions of the co-invading ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts of exotic pines in the Hawaiian Islands
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DOI：
10.1007/s10530-013-0458-3
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Treseder, Kathleen K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hynson, Nicole A.;Merckx, Vincent S. F. T.;Treseder, Kathleen K.
松树物种已经在全球范围内变得入侵，并威胁到取代本土生物群。松树入侵的威胁在热带部分地区尤为紧迫，因为那里没有本土的松树。控制松树入侵的因素往往没有得到很好的理解。然而，松树生存的关键是与外生菌根真菌的专性和互惠互动。因此，要让松树成功入侵新的栖息地，兼容的外生菌根真菌必须已经存在，或者是共同引入的。这项研究的目的是研究夏威夷群岛上与松树入侵相关的非本地外生菌根真菌的群落结构。为此，我们进行了田间和温室研究，并用分子生态学的方法鉴定了与夏威夷松树入侵有关的真菌，结果表明：(1)非本地松林的外生菌根真菌物种丰富度远低于本地松林，(2)随着距离松林距离的增加，平均外生菌根真菌物种丰富度显著下降，(3)假单胞菌是在人工林外定植松树的优势真菌。在夏威夷建立松树的Keystone外生菌根真菌分类群是与全球松树入侵有关的常见属。我们推测，这些真菌具有共同的功能特征，如从种植园远距离扩散的能力和通过孢子定植寄主树木的能力，这些特征导致它们在被引入新的栖息地时获得成功。
Pine species have become invasive throughout the globe and threaten to replace native biota. The threat of pine invasion is particularly pressing in parts of the tropics where there are no native pines. The factors that govern pine invasion are not often well understood. However, key to pine survival is an obligate and mutualistic interaction with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Thus for pines to successfully invade new habitats compatible ectomycorrhizal fungi must already be present, or be co-introduced. The purpose of this study was to examine the community structure of non-native ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with pine invasions in the Hawaiian Islands. To accomplish this we executed a field and greenhouse study and used a molecular ecology approach to identify the fungi associating with invasive pines in Hawai'i. We show that: (1) ectomycorrhizal fungal species richness in non-native pine plantations is far less than what is found in pine's native range, (2) there was a significant decrease in average ectomycorrhizal fungal species richness as distance from pine plantations increased and, (3) Suillus species were the dominant fungi colonizing pines outside plantations. The keystone ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa responsible for pine establishment in Hawai'i are within genera commonly associated with pine invasions throughout the globe. We surmise that these fungi share functional traits such as the ability for long-distance dispersal from plantations and host tree colonization via spore that lead to their success when introduced to new habitats.