Processing and Microstructure
Processing and Microstructure
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加工和微观结构
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-04976-1_4
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Winterer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Winterer
微观结构由晶体材料中的相和缺陷的类型、晶体结构、数量、形状和拓扑排列来定义，例如点缺陷、位错、层错或晶界(Gleiter 1996)。纳米晶体材料是颗粒尺寸小于100纳米的多晶固体(Gleiter 1989)。颗粒以及气孔、界面和其他缺陷的尺寸相似(见图4.1)。这种纳米特有的微结构(纳米结构)导致了化学和物理尺寸效应。大量这类材料的合成方法、新的分析方法(如HRTEM或STM)和Gleiter的原始想法(即通过纳米颗粒的致密可以预期具有有趣的微观结构和性能的新材料)的一致，为过去十年来极大地增加的广泛研究领域纳米材料提供了基础。
The microstructure is defined by the type, crystal structure, number, shape and topological arrangement of phases and defects such as point defects, dislocations, stacking faults or grain boundaries in a crystalline material (Gleiter 1996). Nanocrystalline materials are polycrystalline solids with grain sizes below 100 nm (Gleiter 1989). Grains as well as pores, interfaces and other defects are of similar dimensions (see Fig. 4.1). This nano-specific microstructure (nanostructure) leads to chemical and physical size effects. The coincidence of methods for the synthesis of large quantities of such materials, new methods of analysis (e.g. HRTEM or STM), and the original idea of Gleiter that with the compaction of nanoparticles, novel materials with interesting microstructure and properties can be expected, provided the basis for the broad research field ‘nano-materials’ which has increased enormously over the last decade.