Summer pruning to maintain slender spindle bush type of peach trees grafted on vigorous rootstocks
Summer pruning to maintain slender spindle bush type of peach trees grafted on vigorous rootstocks
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DOI：
10.1400/180122
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Mizutani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Mizutani
细长的纺锤灌木型系统通常用于紧凑型树木，特别是嫁接在矮化砧木上。这一系统很难应用于冬季修剪的健壮砧木上的嫁接树。这种做法只会导致树木每年重复不平衡的植物性生长。因此，本研究对嫁接在强砧上的细长纺锤灌木型早熟桃树进行夏季修剪。进行了三次试验：夏季疏枝、田间抽梢试验和盆栽抽梢遮光试验。夏季疏枝降低了林木生长，恢复了营养生长与生殖生长的平衡。下一个季节，这样的疏枝促进了萌芽和新梢的初始生长，但最终的树生长在夏季修剪的树木相比，冬季修剪的树木。夏修剪的果实成熟早，可溶性固形物含量高，可滴定酸含量低。夏梢回抽试验表明，它再生芽，虽然他们承担较少的花蕾相比，冬季修剪的树木。在细长的纺锤灌木型系统中，这种回穗对于保持树干附近的嫩枝和芽的存活是有效的。盆栽夏梢抽薹和遮荫试验表明，遮荫降低了再生梢数量和花芽形成，推迟了次年开花。因此，夏季枝条疏伐和抽穗回缩适用于嫁接在旺盛砧木上的早熟桃品种，以保持细长的纺锤形灌木类型，因为疏伐有利于降低树干附近的树木活力和光穿透，并且抽穗回缩保持树干附近的活枝和芽，否则由于顶端优势和/或遮光而减弱或死亡。
The slender spindle bush type system is commonly used for compact-sized trees, especially grafted on dwarfing rootstocks. It is difficult to apply this system to trees grafted on vigorous rootstocks by winter pruning. Such practices only cause the trees to repeat imbalanced vegetative-oriented growth every year. Therefore, in the current work summer pruning was applied to slender spindle bush type of early maturing peach trees grafted on vigorous rootstocks. Three trials were conducted: summer shoot thinning, shoot heading back trials in the field and a shoot heading back and shading trial in the pot experiment. Summer shoot thinning reduced tree growth and recovered proper balance between vegetative and reproductive growth. The following season such shoot thinning enhanced bud burst and initial growth of new shoots but the final tree growth was less in the summer-pruned trees compared with winter-pruned trees. The fruit matured earlier and soluble solids content was greater and titratable acidity was lower in the summer-pruned trees. The summer shoot heading back trial revealed that it regenerates shoots, although they bear fewer flower buds compared with winter-pruned trees. Such heading back is effective to keep alive shoots and buds near the trunk in slender spindle bush type systems. Summer shoot heading back and shading experiments in the pot showed that shading reduced the number of regenerated shoots and flower bud formation and delayed flower blooming in the following year. Thus summer shoot thinning and heading back are applicable to early maturing peach cultivars grafted on vigorous rootstocks to maintain the slender spindle bush type because thinning favors reducing tree vigor and light penetration near the trunk, and heading back keeps alive shoots and buds near the trunk which otherwise weaken or die back due to apical dominance and/or shading.