Shifts in microbial diversity through land use intensity as drivers of carbon mineralization in soil
Shifts in microbial diversity through land use intensity as drivers of carbon mineralization in soil
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土地利用强度导致的微生物多样性变化：土壤碳矿化的驱动因素
DOI：
10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.010
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发表时间：
2015-11
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
V. Tardy;A. Spor;O. Mathieu;J. Lévêque;S. Terrat;Pierre Plassart;T. Régnier;R. Bardgett;W. H. Putten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Tardy;A. Spor;O. Mathieu;J. Lévêque;S. Terrat;Pierre Plassart;T. Régnier;R. Bardgett;W. H. Putten
土地利用方式改变了土壤微生物群落的生物量和结构。然而，土地管理强度对土壤微生物多样性(即丰富度和均衡度)的影响及其对功能的影响仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们通过将微生物多样性的分子表征与从欧洲三个地点获得的土壤碳(C)矿化测量相结合来解决这个问题，每个测量代表不同土壤和环境条件下土地管理强度的梯度。细菌和真菌的多样性通过核糖体基因的高通量测序来表征。用13C标记的小麦残留物对土壤改良前后的碳循环活性(即原生土壤有机质矿化、异地植物残留物矿化)进行量化，测定土壤中12C-和13C-CO2的释放。利用变异分配分析，根据生物和物理化学参数对这些活动的相对贡献来对土壤参数进行排序。在所有三个地点，微生物多样性在土地利用强度中等时最大，这表明在集约度最低的农业下，可能无法实现对土壤微生物多样性的最佳管理。微生物丰富度是C循环活性的最佳预测因子，细菌和真菌丰富度分别解释了原生土壤有机质矿化强度的32.2%和17%，真菌丰富度解释了77%的小麦残体矿化强度。总之，我们的结果提供了证据，表明土壤管理在提高微生物多样性和优化土壤微生物群落介导的碳转化方面仍有改进的余地。
Land use practices alter the biomass and structure of soil microbial communities. However, the impact of land management intensity on soil microbial diversity (i.e. richness and evenness) and consequences for functioning is still poorly understood. Here, we addressed this question by coupling molecular characterization of microbial diversity with measurements of carbon (C) mineralization in soils obtained from three locations across Europe, each representing a gradient of land management intensity under different soil and environmental conditions. Bacterial and fungal diversity were characterized by high throughput sequencing of ribosomal genes. Carbon cycling activities (i.e., mineralization of autochthonous soil organic matter, mineralization of allochthonous plant residues) were measured by quantifying12C- and13C-CO2release after soils had been amended, or not, with13C-labelled wheat residues. Variation partitioning analysis was used to rank biological and physicochemical soil parameters according to their relative contribution to these activities. Across all three locations, microbial diversity was greatest at intermediate levels of land use intensity, indicating that optimal management of soil microbial diversity might not be achieved under the least intensive agriculture. Microbial richness was the best predictor of the C-cycling activities, with bacterial and fungal richness explaining 32.2 and 17% of the intensity of autochthonous soil organic matter mineralization; and fungal richness explaining 77% of the intensity of wheat residues mineralization. Altogether, our results provide evidence that there is scope for improvement in soil management to enhance microbial biodiversity and optimize C transformations mediated by microbial communities in soil.