Acid Citrus Fruit Improvement via Interploid Hybridization Using Allotetraploid Somatic Hybrid and Autotetraploid Breeding Parents
Acid Citrus Fruit Improvement via Interploid Hybridization Using Allotetraploid Somatic Hybrid and Autotetraploid Breeding Parents
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DOI：
10.21273/jashs.130.3.392
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发表时间：
2005-05
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Z. Viloria;J. Grosser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Z. Viloria;J. Grosser
使用“Key”酸橙（Citrus aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swing.）、“Lakeland”酸柠檬杂交品种（C. aurantifolia × Fortunella japonica (Thumb.) Swing.）、巴勒斯坦甜酸橙（C. litettioides Tan.）、“Etrog”柠檬（C. medica L.）和七柠檬（C. limon）进行倍体杂交。 (L.) 布尔姆。 F.) 雌性祖先和五个异源四倍体体细胞杂交品种{“Hamlin”甜橙（C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck）דFemminello”柠檬（C. limon））； 'Key' 酸橙 × 'Valencia' 甜橙 (C. sinensis)； “巴伦西亚”甜橙 × 粗柠檬 (C. jambhiri Lush)； Milam 柠檬（据称是 C. jambhiri 杂交种）× 'Femminello' 柠檬 (C. limon)； 'Valencia' 甜橙 × 'Femminello' 柠檬} 和两个同源四倍体（'Giant Key' 酸橙 (C. aurantifolia) 和 'Femminello' 柠檬）作为花粉祖先。还进行了一些四倍体×二倍体杂交。 2000年、2001年、2002年完成亲本杂交组合35个，育种目标为无核、耐寒、抗病。通过胚胎培养恢复三倍体杂种。三倍体柑橘杂交种的产生受到多种因素的影响，包括性相容性、交叉方向、胚胎发育阶段、花粉活力以及园艺实践和气候条件。二倍体×四倍体杂交的三倍体杂交生产效率高于相互杂交。与其他酸性柑橘类水果祖先相比，柠檬种子祖先产生了更多的三倍体杂种。 “Todo el Ano”、“Lisbon”和“Limonero Fino 49”表现出最高的性兼容性。与其他种子祖细胞相比，柠檬的胚胎发芽率和正常植物恢复率也更高。冬季低温可能影响了热带酸性水果祖先的杂交生产效率。总共 650 个杂种（大部分是三倍体）被转移到土壤中。这些后代的新遗传组合对于酸性柑橘类水果（柠檬和酸橙）的遗传改良应该很有价值。在世界生产中，商业酸柑橘类水果主要以柠檬和酸橙为代表。通过叶绿体和核基因组分析，柠檬被鉴定为酸橙（Citrus aurantium L.）和香橼（C. medica）的杂交种（Gulsen 和 Roose，2001）。橙叶柑橘被认为是真正的酸性石灰，其果实小，呈球形，带有种子。最常见的品种是“墨西哥”酸橙（也称为“西印度”或“基”酸橙）。分子分析表明是香橼和C. micrantha Wester。是它的祖先（Nicolosi et al., 2000）。阔叶柑橘棕褐色。也是一种酸性石灰，具有较大的球形、无籽果实。它是来源不明的三倍体杂种。 “塔希提”或“波斯”酸橙是商业化种植最多的品种。 “Bearss”最初被认为是“Tahiti”酸橙的一个品种，但它与“Tahiti”酸橙没有足够的区别，不能被视为新品种。柠檬和酸橙都需要不同的气候条件才能获得最佳产量。柠檬更适应亚热带低湿度的气候；即便如此，大多数柠檬种植区还是会定期遭受冰冻。酸橙是热带物种，通常生长在亚热带温暖潮湿的地区。新鲜酸性柑橘类水果的销售建立了水果颜色差异，以便于识别这两个类别——黄色代表柠檬，绿色代表酸橙。全球酸性柑橘类水果行业需要新品种，不仅要满足新鲜市场对高酸含量的高品质无籽水果的需求，还要满足制造业对高品质果汁和油的需求，还要开发其他园艺特性，以尽量减少更具威胁性的柑橘病害，例如亚洲柑橘溃疡病（Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Hasse) Vauterin） 等）、mal secco 真菌（Phoma tracheiphila (Petri) Kantsch. & Gik.）、柑橘 tristeza 病毒和酸橙巫帚病（Phytoplasma aurantifolia Zreik 等）此外，由于柠檬和酸橙对寒冷敏感，因此提高抗寒能力是另一个重要目标。此外，在佛罗里达州
Interploid hybridization was conducted using ʻKeyʼ lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swing.), ʻLakelandʼ limequat hybrid (C. aurantifolia × Fortunella japonica (Thumb.) Swing.), Palestine sweet lime (C. limettioides Tan.), ʻEtrogʼ citron (C. medica L.), and seven lemon (C. limon (L.) Burm. F.) varieties as female progenitors and fi ve allo- tetraploid somatic hybrids {ʻHamlinʼ sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck) × ʻFemminelloʼ lemon (C. limon)); ʻKeyʼ lime × ʻValenciaʼ sweet orange (C. sinensis); ʻValenciaʼ sweet orange × rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush); Milam lemon (purported C. jambhiri hybrid) × ʻFemminelloʼ lemon (C. limon); and ʻValenciaʼ sweet orange × ʻFemminelloʼ lemon} and two autotetraploids (ʻGiant Keyʼ lime (C. aurantifolia) and ʻFemminelloʼ lemon) as pollen progenitors. A few tetraploid × diploid crosses were also performed. Thirty-fi ve parental cross combinations were accomplished in 2000, 2001, and 2002. The breeding targets were seedlessness, cold-tolerance, and disease resistance. Triploid hybrids were recovered through embryo culture. Generation of triploid citrus hybrids was affected by several factors including sexual compatibility, cross direction, embryo developmental stage, pollen viability, as well as horticultural practices and climatic conditions. Effi ciency of triploid hybrid production was higher in diploid × tetraploid crosses than the reciprocal. Many more triploid hybrids were generated from lemon seed progenitors compared to the other acid citrus fruit progenitors. ʻTodo el Anoʼ, ʻLisbonʼ, and ʻLimonero Fino 49ʼ showed the highest sexual compatibility. Embryo germination rate and normal plant recovery were also higher in lemons as compared to the other seed progenitors. Low winter temperatures might have affected the hybrid production effi ciency from tropical acid fruit progenitors. A total of 650 hybrids (mostly triploid) were transferred to soil. The novel genetic combinations of these progenies should be valuable for the genetic improvement of acid citrus fruit (lemons and limes). Commercial acid citrus fruits are primarily represented by lemon and acid limes in world production. Lemon was identifi ed as a hybrid of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and citron (C. medica) through chloroplast and nuclear genome analysis (Gulsen and Roose, 2001). Citrus aurantifolia is considered a true acid lime, with small, spherical, and seedy fruit. The most common variety is ʻMexicanʼ lime (also known as ʻWest Indianʼ or ʻKeyʼ lime). Molecular analysis suggested that citron and C. micrantha Wester. were its progenitors (Nicolosi et al., 2000). Citrus latifolia Tan. is also an acid lime, with larger spherical, seedless fruit. It is a triploid hybrid of unknown origin. ʻTahitiʼ or ʻPersianʼ lime is the most commercially grown variety. ʻBearssʼ was initially considered a variety of ʻTahitiʼ lime, but it did not differ suffi ciently from ʻTahitiʼ lime to be considered a new variety. Both lemon and limes require different climatic conditions for optimal production. Lemon is more adapted to subtropical conditions with low-humidity atmosphere; even so, most of the growing lemon areas are periodically exposed to freezes. Limes are tropical species that are generally grown in warm and humid areas of the subtropics. Marketing of fresh acid citrus fruit estab- lishes fruit color difference to facilitate the identifi cation of the two groups—yellow for lemon and green for limes. The worldwide acid citrus fruit industry requires new varieties not only to satisfy a fresh market that demands high quality seed- less fruit with high acid content and the manufacturing industry that calls for high-quality juice and oil but also to develop other horticultural traits to minimize the more threatening citrus diseases such as asiatic citrus canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Hasse) Vauterin et al.), mal secco fungus (Phoma tracheiphila (Petri) Kantsch. & Gik.) citrus tristeza virus, and witchesʼ broom disease of lime (Phytoplasma aurantifolia Zreik et al.) Further- more, since lemon and lime are cold sensitive, improving cold hardiness is another important objective. In Florida, in addition