Asphalts, Oils, and Bituminous Rocks from the Dead Sea Area--A Geochemical Correlation Study
Asphalts, Oils, and Bituminous Rocks from the Dead Sea Area--A Geochemical Correlation Study
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DOI：
10.1306/03b5b71d-16d1-11d7-8645000102c1865d
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发表时间：
1983-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
B. Spiro;D. Welte;J. Rullkoetter;R. G. Schaefer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Spiro;D. Welte;J. Rullkoetter;R. G. Schaefer
石油和沥青（硬沥青）从死海地区，以色列，其特征在于散装组成，特定的C15+烃类（正烷烃，类异戊二烯，甾烷，三萜烷），和芳烃，包括硫化合物和轻烃（C2至C8分子范围）。这些指标，辅以文献数据（硫含量，硫同位素组成和分布的岩石卟啉）定义的石油和沥青属于一个单一的地球化学省。地球化学特征表明，源物质的细菌改造藻类和源岩贫粘土矿物，可能是一个石灰岩。Campanian-Maestrichtian Ghareb组的钙质沥青岩出露于死海地堑边缘的坳陷块体上，它们可能延伸至厚地堑充填物之下。地球化学指标的一致性表明，这些沥青岩是死海地区沥青和石油的潜在来源。不同类型的油气赋存状态之间的差异是由于多种效应的综合作用，如源物质的变化、不同坳陷区块的热历史、水洗和生物降解。烃类（C6 ~ C35和C2 ~ C8）的分布特征对生物降解和/或水洗反应敏感。芳烃馏分（除了非常可溶的化合物，如苯，甲苯等）受这些过程的影响较小，并记录了由于来源和可能的热历史的变化。三萜烷和甾烷分布的解释证实了其他烃类的成熟度和源岩类型。成熟度的差异是明显的：沥青岩和沥青是未成熟的，石油是在石油生成的初始阶段从源岩中衍生出来的。
Oils and asphalts (gilsonite) from the Dead Sea area, Israel, were characterized by bulk composition, specific C15+ hydrocarbons (n-alkanes, isoprenoids, steranes, triterpanes), and aromatics including sulfur compounds and light hydrocarbons (C2 to C8 molecular range). These indicators, complemented by literature data (sulfur content, sulfur isotope composition and distribution of petroporphyrins) define the oils and asphalts as belonging to a single geochemical province. The geochemical characteristics suggest a source material of bacterially reworked algae and a source rock poor in clay minerals, probably a calcareous rock. Calcareous bituminous rocks of the Campanian-Maestrichtian Ghareb Formation are exposed on the margin of the Dead Sea graben, on downwarped blocks, and they probably extend under the thick graben fill. The agreement of the geochemical indicators suggests that these bituminous rocks are a potential source of the asphalts and oils in the Dead Sea area. Differences between the various types of hydrocarbon occurrences are due to a combination of several effects such as variations in source material, the thermal history of the different downwarped blocks, water washing, and biodegradation. The distribution characteristics of hydrocarbons (C6 to C35 and C2 to C8) is sensitive to biodegradation and/or water washing. The aromatic fractions (except very soluble compounds like benzene, toluene, etc) are less affected by these processes and record the variability due to source and possibly thermal history. The interpretation of the triterpane and sterane distribution corroborates that of other hydrocarbons with respect to maturation and type of source rock. Differences in maturation are pronounced: the bituminous rocks and asphalts are immature, and the oils are derived from source rocks in an initial stage of petroleum generation.