True Virtue, Self-Presentation, or Both?: A Behavioral Test of Impression Management and Overclaiming
True Virtue, Self-Presentation, or Both?: A Behavioral Test of Impression Management and Overclaiming
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DOI：
10.1037/pas0000657
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Moshagen, Morten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mueller, Sascha;Moshagen, Morten
自我偏爱的反应偏差的措施，如印象管理（IM）规模或夸大技术（OCT）已被开发来检测扭曲的自我报告。然而，这些方法的有效性受到质疑。在本研究（N = 461）中，我们进一步检查了IM（由理想反应平衡量表[BIDR]的相应子量表评估）和OCT作为自我偏爱反应偏差的测量指标及其与诚实-谦卑的相关性。具体来说，我们测试了IM的两个相互竞争的账户，作为衡量真正美德或衡量过于积极的自我展示的标准。使用2个行为范式，我们证实了最近的研究结果，即较高的IM分数与较高的特质诚实以及更诚实的行为。与此同时，IM得分高的个体也表现出过度的积极性，因为IM解释了独裁者游戏中假设和实际（激励）行为之间的差异。因此，目前的研究结果提供了直接的证据的概念，即IM分量表的BIDR混淆特质诚实与反应偏差，从而措施。相比之下，overclaiming是无关的特质诚实，所有观察到的行为，和自我介绍，表明OCT是不是一个有效的措施，自我偏袒的反应bias.Public Significance StatementThe本研究表明，既不印象管理也不overclaiming技术是最佳的解决方案，以评估过于有利的自我报告的心理特征。虽然无效回应的潜在威胁没有被夸大，但印象管理不仅捕捉了自我展示，还捕捉了真正的美德。
Measures of self-favoring response biases such as impression management (IM) scales or the overclaiming technique (OCT) have been developed to detect distorted self-reports. However, the validity of these approaches has been questioned. In the present study (N = 461), we further examined both IM (assessed by the respective subscale of the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding [BIDR]) and the OCT as measures of self-favoring response biases and their associations with honesty-humility. Specifically, we tested the 2 competing accounts of IM as a measure of true virtues or a measure of overly positive self-presentation against each other. Using 2 behavioral paradigms, we corroborated recent findings that higher IM scores are associated with higher trait honesty as well as with more honest behavior. At the same time, individuals with high IM scores also presented themselves overly favorably, as IM accounted for discrepancies between hypothetical and actual (incentivized) behavior in a dictator game. Thereby, the present results provide direct evidence for the notion that the IM subscale of the BIDR confounds trait honesty with response bias and thus measures both. In contrast, overclaiming was unrelated to trait honesty, all observed behaviors, and self-presentation, indicating that the OCT is not a valid measure of self-favoring response bias.Public Significance StatementThe present study suggests that neither impression management nor the overclaiming technique are optimal solutions to assess overly favorable self-reports of psychological characteristics. Whereas the potential threat of invalid responding was unaccounted for by overclaiming, impression management not only captured self-presentation but also true virtues.