Human behavior influences infectious disease emergence at the human-animal interface
Human behavior influences infectious disease emergence at the human-animal interface
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DOI：
10.1890/090057
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
McNutt, J. Weldon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alexander, Kathleen A.;McNutt, J. Weldon
虽然人类行为经常被认为是影响人与动物界面疾病出现的一个因素，但很少有实证研究证明了这种关系。我们比较了生活在肯尼亚和博茨瓦纳濒临灭绝的非洲野狗（AWD, Lycaon pictus）种群附近的人类和他们的家畜。我们确定了牧民之间家畜放牧方式的文化差异，这些差异强烈影响了家犬和awd之间的接触频率，AVVD人群中与疾病相关的死亡率也存在相似的差异。利用这项研究和其他例子，我们说明了人类行为与人类-家养-动物-野生动物界面上新出现的传染病之间相互作用的概念模型。人类文化行为有可能影响病原体适应、宿主易感性、空间分布以及易感宿主、宿主和病原体群落之间的病原体暴露和接触率。这影响了病原体的基本繁殖数（R-0）、入侵能力和持续潜力。人类的行为可能是打开众所周知的潘多拉魔盒的钥匙，让传染病出现。
Although human behavior is frequently cited as a factor influencing the emergence of disease at the human animal interface, few empirical studies have demonstrated this relationship. We compare humans and their domestic animals living in close proximity to populations of the endangered African wild dog (AWD, Lycaon pictus) in both Kenya and Botswana. We identify culturally based differences in domestic-stock grazing practices among pastoralists that strongly influence frequency of contact between domestic dogs and AWDs, with parallel differences in disease-related mortality in AVVD populations. Using this study and other examples, we illustrate a conceptual model of the interaction between human behavior and emerging infectious diseases at the human-domestic-animal-wildlife interface. Human cultural behavior has the potential to influence pathogen adaptation, host susceptibility, spatial distribution, and pathogen exposure and contact rates between susceptible hosts, reservoir hosts, and pathogen communities. This affects the pathogen's basic reproductive number (R-0), ability to invade, and persistence potential. Human behavior may be the key that unlocks the proverbial Pandora's Box, allowing infectious diseases to emerge.