Valuation of air pollution externalities: comparative assessment of economic damage and emission reduction under COVID-19 lockdown
Valuation of air pollution externalities: comparative assessment of economic damage and emission reduction under COVID-19 lockdown
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DOI：
10.1007/s11869-020-00845-3
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发表时间：
2020-06-10
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Kumar, Rakesh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bherwani, Hemant;Nair, Moorthy;Kumar, Rakesh
空气污染（AP）是健康风险的主要原因之一，因为它导致每年广泛的发病率和死亡率。其环境影响包括酸雨、能见度降低，但更重要和显著的是，它影响人类健康。慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）、心血管疾病以及哮喘和慢性支气管炎等呼吸系统疾病的增加，都表明了不管理AP的代价。但随着全球抗击冠状病毒大流行，COVID-19封锁突然停止了人类活动，导致AP水平大幅下降。这种减少的效果体现在与空气污染有关的发病率和死亡率的减少。目前的研究旨在通过货币量化四个城市-德里，伦敦，巴黎和武汉-在封锁情景下由于AP水平降低而导致的健康影响下降。评价了颗粒物（PM（2.5）和PM 10）、NO2和SO（2）等污染物的暴露评估。考虑到四个城市的COVID-19封锁期，统计生命价值（VSL）、疾病成本（CoI）和残疾调整生命年（DALY）的人均收入（PCI）被用于将2019年和2020年的健康影响货币化。与这四个城市遭受的经济损失相比，评估了与封锁导致的AP减少相关的预防效益。这有助于了解实际损害的程度，并更全面地了解与封锁有关的损害。
Air pollution (AP) is one of the major causes of health risks as it leads to widespread morbidity and mortality each year. Its environmental impacts include acid rains, reduced visibility, but more importantly and significantly, it affects human health. The price tag of not managing AP is seen in the rise of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, and respiratory ailments like asthma and chronic bronchitis. But as the world battles the corona pandemic, COVID-19 lockdown has abruptly halted human activity, leading to a significant reduction in AP levels. The effect of this reduction is captured by reduced cases of morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution. The current study aims to monetarily quantify the decline in health impacts due to reduced AP levels under lockdown scenario, as against business as usual, for four cities-Delhi, London, Paris, and Wuhan. The exposure assessment with respect to pollutants like particulate matter (PM(2.5)and PM10), NO2, and SO(2)are evaluated. Value of statistical life (VSL), cost of illness (CoI), and per capita income (PCI) for disability-adjusted life years (DALY) are used to monetize the health impacts for the year 2019 and 2020, considering the respective period of COVID-19 lockdown of four cities. The preventive benefits related to reduced AP due to lockdown is evaluated in comparison to economic damage sustained by these four cities. This helps in understanding the magnitude of actual damage and brings out a more holistic picture of the damages related to lockdown.