Japan’s ODA to Developing Countries in the Health Sector: Overall Trend and Future Prospects
Japan’s ODA to Developing Countries in the Health Sector: Overall Trend and Future Prospects
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日本对发展中国家卫生领域的官方发展援助：总体趋势与未来展望
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-19-4029-3_3
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kawai Saori
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pires de Campos Rodrigo;Kawai Saori
本章介绍了1990年至2020年日本对发展中国家卫生领域的官方发展援助政策的总体趋势，以及在新冠肺炎疫情背景下的展望。日本ODA的历史与二战后英国为维持其在澳大利亚、加拿大、锡兰（今斯里兰卡）、印度、新西兰、巴基斯坦等亚太地区前殖民地的影响力而继续努力的时代有着直接的关系。1950年1月，英联邦外交事务会议在锡兰的科隆博举行，1会议期间提出了《亚洲及太平洋经济和社会合作发展科隆博计划》。科隆博计划从最初的英联邦七国集团演变为包括非英联邦国家在内的27个成员国组成的政府间组织，于1951年7月正式启动（科隆博计划2021）。日本于1954年10月加入了科隆博计划，当时发起了第一个国际技术合作项目。1961年3月，日本与其他国家一样，设立了海外经济协力基金（OECF），作为贷款援助的执行机构，从日本进出口银行（JEXIM）接管了东南亚开发协力基金。1962年6月，日本成立了海外技术合作署，负责管理日本的技术援助。1974年8月，日本国际协力事业团
This chapter identifies the overall trends of Japan’s official development assistance (ODA) policies for the health sector in developing countries from 1990 to 2020 and their prospects, given the COVID-19 pandemic. The history of Japan’s ODA is directly related to the post-Second World War era when Great Britain was engaged in continued efforts to maintain its influence in the former colonies of the Asia–Pacific region, including Australia, Canada, Ceylon (presently Sri Lanka), India, New Zealand, and Pakistan. In January 1950, a Commonwealth Conference on Foreign Affairs was held in Colombo, Ceylon, 1 during which the Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic and Social Development in Asia and the Pacific was conceived. The Colombo Plan, which evolved from the original group of seven Commonwealth nations into an intergovernmental organization composed of 27 members, including non-Commonwealth countries, was officially launched in July 1951 (The Colombo Plan 2021). Japan was affiliated with the Colombo Plan in October 1954, launching, at the time, its first international technical cooperation projects. Similar to other countries’ initiatives to institutionalize their foreign aid activities, in March 1961, Japan established the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (OECF) as the implementing agency for loan aid, which assumed management over the Southeast Asia Development Cooperation Fund from the Export–Import Bank of Japan (JEXIM). In June 1962, Japan launched the Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency (OTCA) to administer Japan’s technical assistance. In August 1974, the Japan International Cooperation Agency