Effects of drought on forests and rangelands in the United States: a comprehensive science synthesis
Effects of drought on forests and rangelands in the United States: a comprehensive science synthesis
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干旱对美国森林和牧场的影响：综合科学综合
DOI：
10.2737/wo-gtr-93b
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
T. Patel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Vose;J. Clark;C. Luce;T. Patel
该评估为重新授权的国家综合干旱信息系统（NIDIS）和国家气候评估（NCA）提供了输入，并为干旱恢复和适应管理奠定了所需的科学基础。重点领域包括干旱特征；干旱对森林进程和扰动的影响，如虫害暴发和野火；以及对森林和牧场价值的影响。干旱是一种严重的自然灾害，具有严重的社会和经济后果。当观测到大尺度变化时，干旱变得最明显；然而，即使是中度干旱也会对森林和牧场的结构和功能产生长期的影响，而没有这些明显的大规模变化。干旱已经在西部造成了巨大的林分水平的影响，但美国所有的森林都很容易受到干旱的影响。与干旱有关的森林干扰预计将随着气候变化而增加。管理行动可以减轻或加剧干旱的影响。提高抗灾能力和适应能力的首要原则是避免采取会加剧当前或未来干旱影响的管理行动。缓解干旱的办法包括改变植被的结构或功能组成部分，尽量减少干旱引起的干扰，如野火或虫害的爆发，以及管理可靠的水流。
This assessment provides input to the reauthorized National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) and the National Climate Assessment (NCA), and it establishes the scientific foundation needed to manage for drought resilience and adaptation. Focal areas include drought characterization; drought impacts on forest processes and disturbances such as insect outbreaks and wildfire; and consequences for forest and rangeland values. Drought can be a severe natural disaster with substantial social and economic consequences. Drought becomes most obvious when large-scale changes are observed; however, even moderate drought can have long-lasting impacts on the structure and function of forests and rangelands without these obvious large-scale changes. Large, stand-level impacts of drought are already underway in the West, but all U.S. forests are vulnerable to drought. Drought-associated forest disturbances are expected to increase with climatic change. Management actions can either mitigate or exacerbate the effects of drought. A first principal for increasing resilience and adaptation is to avoid management actions that exacerbate the effects of current or future drought. Options to mitigate drought include altering structural or functional components of vegetation, minimizing drought-mediated disturbance such as wildfire or insect outbreaks, and managing for reliable flow of water.