Nature over nurture:: Temperament, personality, and life span development
Nature over nurture:: Temperament, personality, and life span development
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.173
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Smith, PB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCrae, RR;Costa, PT;Smith, PB
气质通常被认为是基于生物学的心理倾向，具有内在的发展路径。有人认为，这一定义适用于人格特质的五因素模型。从行为遗传学、亲子关系、人格结构、动物人格和个体差异的纵向稳定性的研究中，总结了特质内生性的证据。内在成熟的新证据来自对德国，英国，西班牙，捷克和土耳其样本（N = 5，085）中14岁及以上男性和女性的NEO五因素量表评分的分析。这些数据支持强有力的概念联系，儿童气质，尽管适度的经验协会。个性的内在成熟是由表达个性的特征适应的文化条件发展补充的;人类发展中的干预措施最好针对这些。
Temperaments are often regarded as biologically based psychological tendencies with intrinsic paths of development. It is argued that this definition applies to the personality traits of the five-factor model. Evidence for the endogenous nature of traits is summarized from studies of behavior genetics, parent-child relations, personality structure, animal personality, and the longitudinal stability of individual differences. New evidence for intrinsic maturation is offered from analyses of NEO Five-Factor Inventory scores for men and women age 14 and over in German, British, Spanish, Czech, and Turkish samples (N = 5,085). These data support strong conceptual Links to child temperament despite modest empirical associations. The intrinsic maturation of personality is complemented by the culturally conditioned development of characteristic adaptations that express personality; interventions in human development are best addressed to these.