Determinants, correlates and mediators of psychological distress: A longitudinal study
Determinants, correlates and mediators of psychological distress: A longitudinal study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.040
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Gadalla, Tahany M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gadalla, Tahany M.
本研究探讨了心理困扰的决定因素和相关因素，重点是心理社会资源的作用，如掌握感和社会支持在调解和/或缓和生活压力源的影响，如不利的社会经济条件（SES），身体健康状况差和慢性日常压力对个人的困扰水平。此外，分别对男性和女性进行上述检查，并对结果进行比较。这项研究的依据是对加拿大统计局在两个全国人口健康调查周期（2002/2003年和2004/2005年）中收集的数据进行的二级分析。样本包括2535名男性和3200名女性，年龄在25至64岁之间。此外，本研究使用结构方程技术来研究生活压力源，心理社会资源和困扰和块回归分析之间的通路，以检查掌握和社会支持的调节作用。2004/2005年和两年前的2002/2003年对慢性日常压力进行了测量。主要调查结果包括：（1）对于男性和女性来说，更高水平的掌握和社会支持与更少的抑郁症状相关，（2）除了对痛苦的显著主要影响外，掌握还缓和了身体健康状况不佳和慢性日常压力对男女抑郁症状的不利影响，（3）日常压力的影响，身体健康状况不佳和不利的社会经济地位对痛苦水平的影响部分通过掌握来调节，（4）除了日常压力，身体健康状况不佳对男女的痛苦水平影响最大，尽管对女性的影响更大，（5）与男性相比，掌握在女性的痛苦过程中发挥着更重要的作用;（6）虽然感知的社会支持直接降低了男性痛苦的可能性，但它通过提高女性的掌握程度来降低女性痛苦的可能性。痛苦的症状表明目前和/或未来需要医疗保健服务。因此，除了减少主观痛苦外，预防痛苦还可以减少医疗保健费用。调查结果强调，分配资源的重要性，在发展中国家的痛苦，如穷人和身体不健康的高风险群体。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
This study examined determinants and correlates of psychological distress focusing on the roles of psychosocial resources, such as sense of mastery and social support in mediating and/or moderating the effects of life stressors, such as unfavourable socioeconomic conditions (SES), poor physical health and chronic daily stress on individuals' level of distress. Additionally, the above examination was conducted for men and women separately and the results were compared. The study was based on secondary analyses of data collected by Statistics Canada in two cycles of the National Population Health Survey: 2002/2003 and 2004/2005. The sample used included 2535 men and 3200 women between the ages of 25 and 64 years. Further, this research used structural equation techniques to examine pathways among life stressors, psychosocial resources and distress and block regression analysis to examine the moderating roles of mastery and social support. Chronic daily stress was measured in 2004/2005 and two years earlier, in 2002/2003. Main findings included: (1) higher levels of mastery and social support were found to be associated with less depressive symptoms for both men and women, (2) in addition to its significant main effect on distress, mastery moderated the detrimental effects of poor physical health and chronic daily stress on depressive symptoms for both genders, (3) the effects of daily stress, poor physical health and unfavourable SES on level of distress were partially mediated through mastery, (4) next to daily stress, poor physical health had the most impact on level of distress for both genders, albeit a stronger impact for women, (5) mastery played a more important role in the distress process of women compared with men, and (6) while perceived social support decreased the likelihood of distress for men directly, it decreased women's likelihood of distress by increasing their mastery. Symptoms of distress indicate present and/or future need for health care services. Thus, prevention of distress may lead to a reduction in health care costs in addition to the reduction of subjective suffering. Findings emphasize the importance of allocating resources to groups at high risk of developing distress, such as the poor and the physically unhealthy. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.