Association Between Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction and Cognition in Older Adults
Association Between Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction and Cognition in Older Adults
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DOI：
10.1177/1945892418824451
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Mattos, Jose L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Churnin, Ian;Qazi, Jamiluddin;Mattos, Jose L.
背景：在新兴文献中，嗅觉功能障碍(OD)和认知功能下降之间的联系越来越明显。然而，有关味觉功能障碍(GD)和认知之间的相似效应的文献还没有得到很好的证实。目的探讨OD和GD是否与认知功能损害独立相关。方法查询2013-2014年全国健康与营养状况调查1376名老年人，对应50816529个加权样本，用单因素和多因素回归分析评估嗅觉和味觉状况及认知。OD和GD是使用客观测量和验证的方案来确定的。参与者使用接受的截止值将参与者分层为正常或异常认知状态，如联合会建立阿尔茨海默病登记处(CERAD)神经心理测试、动物流利性测试(AFT)和数字符号替代测试(DSST)所指示的。结果OD与轻度认知损害(优势比[OR]1.809，P=.004)、痴呆(OR 3.173，P&t；.001)、认知功能测验异常(OR 2.424，P&t；.001)和认知功能障碍(OR 4.028，P&t；.001)有关。在CERAD测试中，基于1M氯化钠全口味觉测试的GD与CERAD测试中的痴呆相关(OR 2.217，P=0.004)。当气味和味觉参数一起包括在回归模型中时，基于CERAD测试，OD和GD仍然是痴呆状态的显著独立预测因素(OR 3.133，P&t；.001，OR 1.904，P=.015)。结论在具有全国代表性的老年人样本中，OD和严重的GD是认知损害的独立预测因子。
Background The association between olfactory dysfunction (OD) and cognitive decline is becoming apparent in the emerging literature. However, the literature demonstrating a similar effect between gustatory dysfunction (GD) and cognition is not well established. Objective To determine whether OD and GD are independently associated with cognitive impairment. Methods The 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was queried for 1376 older adults, corresponding to a weighted population sample of 50 816 529, to assess olfactory and gustatory status and cognition using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. OD and GD were determined using objective measurements with validated protocols. Participants were stratified as normal or abnormal cognition status using accepted cutoff values as indicated for the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological test, Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Results OD was associated with both mild cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] 1.809, P = .004) and dementia (OR 3.173, P < .001) with CERAD testing, abnormal AFT (OR 2.424, P < .001), and abnormal DSST (OR 4.028, P < .001). GD based on 1M NaCl whole mouth taste testing was associated with dementia on CERAD testing (OR 2.217, P = .004). When smell and taste parameters were included together in the regression model, both OD and GD remained significant independent predictors of dementia status based on CERAD testing (OR 3.133, P < .001, OR 1.904, P = .015). Conclusions OD and severe GD represent independent predictors of cognitive impairment in a nationally representative sample of older adults.