Trade-offs and synergies of climate change adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Trade-offs and synergies of climate change adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.regsus.2021.05.002
复制
发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Akinyi;S. Ng’ang’a;E. Girvetz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Akinyi;S. Ng’ang’a;E. Girvetz
气候变化适应战略为小农提供了缓冲，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲，以应对干旱和洪水等气候危害带来的风险。然而，气候适应的决策过程是复杂的。为了更好地了解这一进程的动态，我们努力回答这样一个问题：与撒哈拉以南非洲地区小农的气候适应战略的决策和执行有关的潜在权衡和协同作用是什么？采用系统文献审查方法，通过系统审评和荟萃分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)声明和四阶段纳入/排除标准，从选定的数据库(SCOPUS和谷歌学者)确定文献。气候适应战略分为五大类(作物管理、风险管理、土壤/土地管理、水管理和牲畜管理战略)。有证据表明，可能会在额外的成本、额外的劳动力要求以及目标或可用资源之间的竞争方面出现潜在的权衡。另一方面，在提高生产率、复原力、产量稳定性、可持续性和环境保护方面，同时实施两项或两项以上适应战略可产生协同效应。不同的适应战略之间的权衡和协同作用也可能不同，与之相比，少耕/免耕会带来更多的权衡。建议制定和促进低成本适应战略和互补的气候适应选择，以最大限度地减少取舍和最大限度地发挥协同作用。鼓励掌握适当执行气候变化适应战略的技能和知识，特别是在当地农场一级。
Climate change adaptation strategies provide a cushion for smallholder farmers, especially in sub-Saharan Africa against the risks posed by climate hazards such as droughts and floods. However, the decision-making process in climate adaptation is complex. To better understand the dynamics of the process, we strive to answer this question: what are the potential trade-offs and synergies related to decision-making and implementation of climate adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa region? A systematic literature review methodology was used through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement with the four-stage inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify the literature from selected databases (Scopus and Google Scholar). The climate adaptation strategies are organized into five broad categories (crop management, risk management, soil/land management, water management, and livestock management strategies). Evidence suggests that potential trade-offs may arise concerning added costs, additional labor requirements, and competition among objectives or available resources. The synergies, on the other hand, arise from implementing two or more adaptation strategies concurrently in respect of increased productivity, resilience, yield stability, sustainability, and environmental protection. Trade-offs and synergies may also differ among the various adaptation strategies with minimum/zero tillage, comparatively, presenting more trade-offs. The development and promotion of low-cost adaptation strategies and complementary climate adaptation options that minimize the trade-offs and maximize the synergies are suggested. Skills and knowledge on proper implementation of climate change adaptation strategies are encouraged, especially at the local farm level.