Resilience of ecosystems: local surprise and global change.
Resilience of ecosystems: local surprise and global change.
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发表时间：
1985-05
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通讯作者：
C. S. Holling
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作者：
C. S. Holling
提出了一个概念框架，可以帮助集中处理一方面是整体和局部行为之间的对比，另一方面是连续和不连续行为之间的对比。由于该框架描述了对调节和稳定行为的不同看法，因此它为第二个主题提供了必要的背景，该主题涉及生态系统内的特定因果关系和过程，外部变化对它们的影响及其在时间和空间上的动态行为。第三个主题以一种具有相当普遍性和组织性的方式综合了目前对生态系统结构和行为的理解。第四点将这种理解一方面与全球现象联系起来，另一方面与当地的感知和行动联系起来。
Presents a conceptual framework that can help focus treatment of the contrasts between global and local behavior on the one hand and between continuous and discontinuous behavior on the other. Since that framework describes different perceptions of regulation and stability behavior, it provides the necessary background for a 2nd topic, which concerns the particular causative relations and processes within ecosystems, the influence of external variation on them and their dynamic behavior in time and space. A 3rd topic synthesizes present understanding of the structure and behavior of ecosystems in a way that has considerable generality and organizational power. A 4th connects that understanding to global phenomena on the one hand and local perception and action on the other.