Human Capital Development before Age Five
Human Capital Development before Age Five
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DOI：
10.1016/s0169-7218(11)02413-0
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Currie, Janet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Almond, Douglas;Currie, Janet
本章旨在阐述经济学家们对幼儿期影响对以后生活结果的影响以及如何改善负面影响的认识。我们开始先简要概述一下这个理论，它说明了幼儿期的休克和未来的结果之间存在因果关系的证据很少说明这种关系是生物学上的还是不可改变的。然后，我们调查了最近的工作，表明五岁之前的事件可能对成年人的结果产生长期影响。入学时测量的儿童和家庭特征与劳动经济学家传统上关注的因素（如教育年限）一样，可以解释未来的结果。然而，虽然儿童在这个年龄可能受到永久性损害，但一个重要的信息是，这种损害往往可以补救。我们提供了一个简短的概述证据的有效性，不同类型的政策，以提供补救。最后，我们列出了未来研究的一些悬而未决的问题。
This chapter seeks to set out what economists have learned about the effects of early childhood influences on later life outcomes, and about ameliorating the effects of negative influences. We begin with a brief overview of the theory which illustrates that evidence of a causal relationship between a shock in early childhood and a future outcome says little about whether the relationship in question is biological or immutable. We then survey recent work which shows that events before five years old can have large long term impacts on adult outcomes. Child and family characteristics measured at school entry do as much to explain future outcomes as factors that labor economists have more traditionally focused on, such as years of education. Yet while children can be permanently damaged at this age, an important message is that the damage can often be remediated. We provide a brief overview of evidence regarding the effectiveness of different types of policies to provide remediation. We conclude with a list of some of the many outstanding questions for future research.