Genomic and Pathogenic Diversity of Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Barley Mild Mosaic Virus Isolates in Fields of China and Their Compatibility with Resistance Genes of Cultivated Barley
Genomic and Pathogenic Diversity of Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Barley Mild Mosaic Virus Isolates in Fields of China and Their Compatibility with Resistance Genes of Cultivated Barley
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DOI：
10.1094/pdis-11-21-2473-re
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发表时间：
2022-07-17
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Yang, Ping
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang, Congcong;Lei, Miaomiao;Yang, Ping
由土传疟原虫禾本科多粘菌传播的植物病毒不断威胁着全球谷类作物的生产。尽管已知大麦黄花叶病毒病在中国存在很长时间，但对病毒病原体的多样性及其与宿主抗性的相互作用的了解仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们对禾谷赤霉及其传播的大麦黄花叶病毒（BaYMV）和大麦轻度花叶病毒（BaMMV）进行了全国范围的调查，随后对这两种病毒进行了基因组和病原多样性分析。尽管 BaYMV 和 BaMMV 的传播媒介 P. graminis 分布于全国，但仅在长江下游地区发现。对BaYMV和BaMMV基因组变异的分析表明，病毒基因组连锁蛋白（VPg）中非同义取代率升高，其中大多数取代位于其与宿主真核翻译起始因子4E（eIF4E）的相互作用表面。 VPg 序列多样性与通过多次现场试验确定的病毒致病性差异相关。大多数抗性基因，包括广泛应用的rym4和rym5（eIF4E的等位基因），以及rym1/11和rym5的组合，不足以保护中国栽培大麦免受病毒侵害。总的来说，这些结果提供了对栽培大麦毒力特异性和与宿主抗性的相互作用模式的见解，这对广谱抗性大麦品种的育种具有重要意义。
Plant viruses transmitted by the soilborne plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis constantly threaten global production of cereal crops. Although the yellow mosaic virus disease of barley has been known to be present for a long time in China, the understanding of the diversity of the viral pathogens and their interactions with host resistance remains limited. In this study, we conducted a nationwide survey of P. graminis and the barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) it transmits, followed by genomic and pathogenic diversity analyses of both viruses. BaYMV and BaMMV were found exclusively in the region downstream of the Yangtze River, despite the national distribution of its transmission vector P. graminis. Analysis of the genomic variations of BaYMV and BaMMV revealed an elevated rate of nonsynonymous substitutions in the viral genome-linked protein (VPg), in which most substitutions were located in its interaction surface with the host eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). VPg sequence diversity was associated with the divergence in virus pathogenicity that was identified through multiple field trials. The majority of the resistance genes, including the widely applied rym4 and rym5 (alleles of eIF4E), as well as the combination of rym1/11 and rym5, are not sufficient to protect cultivated barley against viruses in China. Collectively, these results provide insights into virulence specificity and interaction mode with host resistance in cultivated barley, which has significant implications in breeding for the broad-spectrum resistance barley varieties.