Neurotensin-induced bursting of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons promotes gamma and theta cortical activity together with waking and paradoxical sleep.
Neurotensin-induced bursting of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons promotes gamma and theta cortical activity together with waking and paradoxical sleep.
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发表时间：
2000
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通讯作者：
Edmund G. Cape;I. Manns;A. Alonso;A. Beaudet;B. Jones
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作者：
Edmund G. Cape;I. Manns;A. Alonso;A. Beaudet;B. Jones
胆碱能基底前脑神经元一直被认为在皮质激活和行为状态中起重要作用，但它们影响这些过程的确切方式尚未完全了解。在这里，我们已经研究了对脑电图（EEG）和睡眠-觉醒状态的基底前脑管理的神经降压素（NT），神经肽，已被证明在体外有效地和选择性地调节胆碱能细胞的影响。将0.1-3.0 mm NT微量注射到自由活动、自然醒-睡大鼠的基底前脑中，在皮层区域产生了剂量依赖性的δ（约1-4 Hz）降低和θ（约4-9 Hz）和高频γ活动（30-60 Hz）增加，而肌电图没有增加。这些EEG变化伴随着慢波睡眠（SWS）和过渡期SWS（tSWS）的减少，清醒时的增加，最明显的是，反常睡眠（PS）和过渡期PS（tPS）的增加，尽管实际上没有SWS。的影响被归因于直接作用于胆碱能神经元证明了选择性内化的荧光配体，Fluo-NT，在胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）免疫反应细胞和刺激NT的爆裂放电在atracellarally记录，神经生物素标记，ChAT免疫反应神经元。我们的结论是NT诱导的胆碱能基底前脑神经元的节律性爆发刺激大脑皮层的节律性θ振荡和γ。随着NT对胆碱能细胞的选择性作用，它们的爆发性放电促进不依赖于运动活动的θ和γ，从而也刺激和增强PS。
Cholinergic basal forebrain neurons have long been thought to play an important role in cortical activation and behavioral state, yet the precise way in which they influence these processes has yet to be fully understood. Here, we have examined the effects on the electroencephalogram (EEG) and sleep-wake state of basal forebrain administration of neurotensin (NT), a neuropeptide that has been shown in vitro to potently and selectively modulate the cholinergic cells. Microinjection of (0.1-3.0 mm) NT into the basal forebrain of freely moving, naturally waking-sleeping rats produced a dose-dependent decrease in delta ( approximately 1-4 Hz) and increase in both theta ( approximately 4-9 Hz) and high-frequency gamma activity (30-60 Hz) across cortical, areas with no increase in the electromyogram. These EEG changes were accompanied by concomitant decreases in slow wave sleep (SWS) and transitional SWS (tSWS), increases in wake, and most remarkably, increases in paradoxical sleep (PS) and transitional PS (tPS), despite the virtual absence of SWS. The effects were attributed to direct action on cholinergic neurons as evidenced by selective internalization of a fluorescent ligand, Fluo-NT, in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive cells and stimulation by NT of bursting discharge in juxtacellularly recorded, Neurobiotin-labeled, ChAT-immunoreactive neurons. We conclude that NT-induced rhythmic bursting of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons stimulates rhythmic theta oscillations and gamma across the cerebral cortex. With the selective action of NT on the cholinergic cells, their bursting discharge promotes theta and gamma independent of motor activity and thereby also stimulates and enhances PS.