The mitochondrial genome of the chimpanzee louse, Pediculus schaeffi: insights into the process of mitochondrial genome fragmentation in the blood-sucking lice of great apes.
The mitochondrial genome of the chimpanzee louse, Pediculus schaeffi: insights into the process of mitochondrial genome fragmentation in the blood-sucking lice of great apes.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12864-015-1843-3
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发表时间：
2015-09-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Shao R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herd KE;Barker SC;Shao R
吸血虱属（Pediculus）和吸血虱属（Pthirus）是类人猿的专性体外寄生虫。与大多数双侧哺乳动物不同，它们在一条环状染色体上有37个线粒体（mt）基因，人类的吸虱有广泛的线粒体基因组碎片。头虱，头虱，体虱，Pe。人类，在20个微型染色体上有37个mt基因。阴虱（Pthirus pubis）在14个微型染色体上有34个已知的mt基因。为了了解大猩猩吸虱的mt基因组片段化过程，我们对黑猩猩吸虱Pe.薛菲，并将其与三个人类虱子进行比较。我们在黑猩猩虱子中鉴定了双侧动物典型的所有37个mt基因;这些基因位于18种微型染色体上。黑猩猩虱子的18个微型染色体中有17个与人类头虱和人体虱子中的对应物具有相同的基因内容和基因排列。然而，在人类头虱和人体虱的三个微型染色体上的五个基因，cob，trnS 1，trnN，trnE和trnM，在黑猩猩虱中一起在一个微型染色体上。使用人类阴虱，PT。阴虱，作为一个外群进行比较，我们推断，一个单一的微型染色体分裂成三个谱系导致人类头虱和人体虱子，因为这个谱系从黑猩猩虱子分化约600万年前。我们的研究结果提供了一个相对精细的进化尺度上的吸虱mt基因组片段化的过程的见解。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12864-015-1843-3）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Blood-sucking lice in the genera Pediculus and Pthirus are obligate ectoparasites of great apes. Unlike most bilateral animals, which have 37 mitochondrial (mt) genes on a single circular chromosome, the sucking lice of humans have extensively fragmented mt genomes. The head louse, Pediculus capitis, and the body louse, Pe. humanus, have their 37 mt genes on 20 minichromosomes. The pubic louse, Pthirus pubis, has its 34 mt genes known on 14 minichromosomes. To understand the process of mt genome fragmentation in the sucking lice of great apes, we sequenced the mt genome of the chimpanzee louse, Pe. schaeffi, and compared it with the three human lice. We identified all of the 37 mt genes typical of bilateral animals in the chimpanzee louse; these genes are on 18 types of minichromosomes. Seventeen of the 18 minichromosomes of the chimpanzee louse have the same gene content and gene arrangement as their counterparts in the human head louse and the human body louse. However, five genes, cob, trnS1, trnN, trnE and trnM, which are on three minichromosomes in the human head louse and the human body louse, are together on one minichromosome in the chimpanzee louse. Using the human pubic louse, Pt. pubis, as an outgroup for comparison, we infer that a single minichromosome has fragmented into three in the lineage leading to the human head louse and the human body louse since this lineage diverged from the chimpanzee louse ~6 million years ago. Our results provide insights into the process of mt genome fragmentation in the sucking lice in a relatively fine evolutionary scale. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1843-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.