Okologische Untersuch-ungen an Necrophorus F
Okologische Untersuch-ungen an Necrophorus F
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00403155
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发表时间：
1933-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
PUKOWSKI, ERNA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PUKOWSKI, ERNA
尸甲虫在5月到11月活跃，通常在十月冬眠。它们在晚上进食，白天埋在地下。它们以小型脊椎动物、蠕虫、蜗牛和昆虫的尸体为食，也吃生活在尸体上的双翅目蛆和其他生物。日耳曼人攻击地象龟食物在摄入之前，似乎是由于消化液的喷射而变成液态的。胡蜂，胡蜂，humator和germanicus在5月繁殖;调查员和fossor在8月。它们寻找一个合适的尸体，更喜欢一个小的脊椎动物，用触角和嘴部测试它。当一只[雄性]独自发现一具尸体时，他会爬上一个高点，有时会连续几个小时抽动腹部，显然是为了吸引[雌性]而散发出一种气味。尸体首先被挖到地下，然后挖一条对角线通道，最后被拖进一个圆形的地穴。尸体被加工成圆形，毛或羽毛被磨掉。每个墓穴都被一对或一只[雌性]占据，其他甲虫被赶走。在交配后，[女性]可能会将[男性]赶走。14-15个卵产在土里，沿着一条特殊的母亲通道的两侧，这条通道远离地穴。甲虫保持尸体和通道的整洁，修复损坏，驱赶敌人，以尸体为食并喷上粪便以湿润它，并通过向其释放酶来简化它。幼虫在5天内孵化，钻入母体通道或直接穿过泥土到达尸体。它们对食物的气味有反应。发育需要7天，3龄。幼虫攻击父母准备好的尸体区域;[雌性]也会通过反刍方式喂养非常年幼和新蜕皮的幼虫，直到它们的口器变硬。幼虫可以在没有这种帮助的情况下发育，但获得这种帮助的成年人的百分比很低。[女性]，有时也[男性]，留在地穴，直到幼虫离开尸体。幼虫在远离尸体的地方水平地钻入土壤，进入蛹前状态。福索和调查员过冬。N. germanicus、humator、vespillo、vespilloides在12-17天后化蛹，14-15天后羽化，以成虫越冬。想象留在蛹室，直到甲壳质变硬，然后挖到表面。经过10-13天的喂养，它们已经性成熟并准备繁殖。|| 摘要：L. H.海曼
Necrophorus beetles are active from May to Nov., usually hibernating in Oct. They feed at night, remaining buried in the earth by day. They feed on dead bodies of small vertebrates, worms, snails, and insects, and also live dipterous maggots and other organisms inhabiting carcasses, N. germanicus attacking Geotrupes. Before ingestion, the food seems to be reduced to a liquid state by ejection of a digestive fluid upon it. N. vespillo, vespilloides, humator, and germanicus breed in May; investigator and fossor in August. They seek a suitable carcass, preferring that of a small vertebrate, testing it with antennae and mouth parts. When a [male] alone finds a carcass, he mounts a high point, and twitches the abdominal tip sometimes for hours, apparently exuding an odor to attract a [female]. The carcass is buried first by undermining it, then by digging a diagonal passage terminating in a rounded crypt into which it is dragged. The carcass is worked into a round shape, and hairs or feathers rubbed off. Each crypt is occupied by a pair or by the [female] alone, other beetles being driven away. The [female] after copulation may chase the [male] away. The 14-15 eggs are laid in the earth along the sides of a special maternal passage leading away from the crypt. The beetles keep the carcass and passages tidy, repair damages, chase away enemies, feed on the carcass and spray it with feces to moisten it, and predigest it by emitting enzymes upon it. The larvae hatch in 5 days, dig through into the maternal passage or directly through the earth to reach the carcass. They react to the smell of the food. Development requires 7 days with 3 instars. The larvae attack the region of the carcass prepared by the parents; very young and newly moulted larvae are also fed by the [female] by regurgitation, until their mouth parts harden. Larvae can develop without this assistance but the % of adults obtained is low. The [female], and sometimes also the [male], remain in the crypt until the larvae leave the carcass. The larvae dig into the earth horizontally away from the carcass and pass into a prepupal state in which N. fossor and investigator pass the winter. N. germanicus, humator, vespillo, vespilloides pupate after 12-17 days, and emerge 14-15 days later, passing the winter as adults. The imagines remain in the pupal chamber until the chitin hardens and then dig to the surface. After 10-13 days of feeding, they are sexually mature and ready to breed. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: L. H. Hyman