Aversion Therapy in the Treatment of Alcoholism: Success and Failure
Aversion Therapy in the Treatment of Alcoholism: Success and Failure
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厌恶疗法治疗酗酒：成功与失败
DOI：
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
P. Nathan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Nathan
各种各样的行为治疗方法已经在酗酒患者身上试用过（见Nathan和Niaura对这些努力的概述）。然而，在1920年首次使用行为方法治疗酗酒后的30多年里，通过行为手段治疗酗酒者主要局限于厌恶条件反射疗法。几乎所有的治疗方法都是通过电击或诱导恶心的药物来引起厌恶。虽然还使用了另外两种引起厌恶的刺激物：氯化胆碱脱水（一种能引起完全呼吸麻痹的药物）和厌恶图像（据说能通过想象的方式引起厌恶），但那些用厌恶技术治疗酒精中毒的人却选择了电性和化学性的厌恶条件反射，以及诱发恶心的药物。Revusky和他的同事最近的研究表明，碳酸锂可能是一种更安全、更有效的化学厌恶调节剂，尽管在这种药物可以常规替代目前在这方面使用最广泛的药物艾美汀之前，还需要对其有效性和安全性进行额外的研究。
A very wide range of behavioral treatment methods have been tried out on alcoholic patients (see Nathan and Niaura’ for an overview of these efforts). For more than 30 years following the initial use of a behavioral approach to alcoholism in 19292 however, the treatment of the alcoholic by behavioral means was largely confined to the aversive conditioning therapies. Almost all of this treatment was by means either of electric shock or nausea-inducing drugs to induce aversion. Although two other aversion-induction stimuli succinylcholine chloride dehydrate, a drug that induces total apneic (respiratory) paralysis,’ and aversive images, said to induce aversion by imaginal means4 have also been employed, electrical and chemical aversion conditioning with nausea-inducing drugs have been the choice of those who treat alcoholism by aversive techniques. Recent research by Revusky and his colleaguesS suggests that lithium carbonate may be a safer and more effective aversive agent for chemical aversion conditioning, though additional studies of efficacy and safety are necessary before the drug can be routinely substituted for emetine, the drug now used most widely for this purpose.