Reward feedback accelerates motor learning
Reward feedback accelerates motor learning
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00032.2014
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发表时间：
2015-01-15
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Ahmed, Alaa A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nikooyan, Ali A.;Ahmed, Alaa A.
最近的研究结果表明，奖励反馈本身就可以推动运动学习。然而，目前还不清楚当突然引入扰动时，仅仅奖励反馈是否会导致学习，或者奖励梯度如何调节学习。在这项研究中，我们提供了随着误差的增加而不断衰减的奖励反馈。我们询问是否有可能仅通过奖励来学习突然的视觉运动旋转，以及学习过程是否可以通过结合奖励和感觉反馈和/或使用不同的奖励场景来调节。我们设计了一种新的视觉运动学习方案，在此过程中，受试者经历了突然引入的旋转扰动。受试者接受视觉反馈或奖励反馈，或者两者兼而有之。测试了两种不同的奖励场景，其中奖励随着距离目标的距离呈线性或立方衰减。结果表明，单靠奖赏反馈学习是可能的，奖赏反馈和感觉反馈相结合可以加速学习。对潜在机制的分析表明，尽管奖励反馈本身不允许感觉运动重新映射，但它仍然可以导致广泛的泛化，突出了重新映射和泛化之间的分离。此外，奖励和感觉反馈的结合加速了学习，而不会影响感觉运动重新映射。这些发现表明，在改进的神经康复技术的发展中，使用奖励反馈是一种很有前途的补充或替代感觉反馈的方法。更广泛地说，他们指出了奖励在运动学习过程中扮演的重要角色。
Recent findings have demonstrated that reward feedback alone can drive motor learning. However, it is not yet clear whether reward feedback alone can lead to learning when a perturbation is introduced abruptly, or how a reward gradient can modulate learning. In this study, we provide reward feedback that decays continuously with increasing error. We asked whether it is possible to learn an abrupt visuomotor rotation by reward alone, and if the learning process could be modulated by combining reward and sensory feedback and/or by using different reward landscapes. We designed a novel visuomotor learning protocol during which subjects experienced an abruptly introduced rotational perturbation. Subjects received either visual feedback or reward feedback, or a combination of the two. Two different reward landscapes, where the reward decayed either linearly or cubically with distance from the target, were tested. Results demonstrate that it is possible to learn from reward feedback alone and that the combination of reward and sensory feedback accelerates learning. An analysis of the underlying mechanisms reveals that although reward feedback alone does not allow for sensorimotor remapping, it can nonetheless lead to broad generalization, highlighting a dissociation between remapping and generalization. Also, the combination of reward and sensory feedback accelerates learning without compromising sensorimotor remapping. These findings suggest that the use of reward feedback is a promising approach to either supplement or substitute sensory feedback in the development of improved neurorehabilitation techniques. More generally, they point to an important role played by reward in the motor learning process.