Adding Appropriate Fiber in Diet Increases Diversity and Metabolic Capacity of Distal Gut Microbiota Without Altering Fiber Digestibility and Growth Rate of Finishing Pig
Adding Appropriate Fiber in Diet Increases Diversity and Metabolic Capacity of Distal Gut Microbiota Without Altering Fiber Digestibility and Growth Rate of Finishing Pig
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在日粮中添加适当的纤维可增加远端肠道微生物群的多样性和代谢能力，而不改变肥育猪的纤维消化率和生长速度
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2020.00533
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发表时间：
2020-04-09
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Huang, Ruihua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pu, Guang;Li, Pinghua;Huang, Ruihua
猪对膳食纤维的消化能力来源于其肠道菌群，尤其是后肠菌群。然而，猪对高膳食纤维的耐受性以及微生物群特征随纤维水平的变化仍不清楚。为探讨饲粮中添加不同水平的脱脂米糠（DFRB）纤维对苏淮猪肠道菌群的影响及其与纤维消化率的关系，对苏淮猪的生长速度、纤维表观消化率、肠道菌群和挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）进行了比较分析。结果表明，日粮纤维水平对苏淮猪的生长速度没有影响。虽然纤维素、不溶性膳食纤维（IDF）和总膳食纤维（TDF）的表观消化率随日粮纤维水平的提高而降低，但在日粮中添加19.10%的TDF时，苏淮猪对纤维素、IDF和TDF的表观消化率无明显变化。添加19.10%TDF日粮的猪盲肠微生物丰富度、纤维降解菌的属级比例和预测的微生物功能（如碳水化合物代谢、能量代谢）均高于基础日粮。此外，纤维诱导的纤维降解菌的增加促进了VFAs的代谢，这可能有助于苏淮猪保持生长速度。但当总膳食纤维含量达到24.11%时，纤维表观消化率下降，对盲肠肠道菌群的影响不明显。总之，我们的数据表明，适当的纤维水平可以增加远端肠道微生物群的多样性和代谢能力，以提高纤维资源的利用效率，而不会改变猪的生长速度。
The digestion ability of pigs to dietary fiber is derived from their intestinal microbiota, especially hindgut microbiota. However, tolerance of pigs to high dietary fiber and the changes of microbiota profile with fiber levels are still unclear. To investigate the changes of gut microbiota with dietary fiber and its relationship with fiber digestibility, we conducted comparative analyses of growth rate, apparent fiber digestibility, gut microbiota and volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles in Chinese Suhuai pigs feeding diets with different defatted rice bran (DFRB) fiber levels. We found that dietary fiber level had no effect on the growth rate of Suhuai pigs. Although the apparent digestibility of Cellulose, insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) decreased with dietary fiber level, we found that the apparent digestibility of Cellulose, IDF and TDF of Suhuai pigs was not changed when provided with diet containing 19.10% TDF (as feed basis). The pigs provided with diet containing 19.10% TDF had higher microbial richness, proportions of several fiber-degrading bacteria taxa at genus level and predicted microbial functions (such as carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism) in cecum compared to those fed with basal diet. In addition, the fiber-induced increasing of fiber-degrading bacteria promoted the VFAs metabolism, which potentially helped Suhuai pigs to maintain growth rate. However, as TDF reached to 24.11% (as feed basis), the apparent digestibility of fiber decreased and the positive effect on intestine microbiota in caecum were absent. Together, our data suggest that appropriate fiber level could increase the diversity and metabolic capacity of distal gut microbiota to improve the utilization efficiency of fiber resources without altering the growth rate of pigs.