CHOKING UNDER PRESSURE - SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS AND PARADOXICAL EFFECTS OF INCENTIVES ON SKILLFUL PERFORMANCE
CHOKING UNDER PRESSURE - SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS AND PARADOXICAL EFFECTS OF INCENTIVES ON SKILLFUL PERFORMANCE
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.46.3.610
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
BAUMEISTER, RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BAUMEISTER, RF
压力下的窒息被定义为在提高良好或改进性能的重要性的情况下的性能下降。本作者提出了一个协调和技能任务窒息的模型，认为压力增加了对表演者自身表演过程的有意识注意，这种有意识注意的增加破坏了执行的自动或过度学习性质。六个实验，大约120秒，提供了与该模型一致的数据。三项研究表明，对自身表现过程的关注增加会导致表现下降。另外三个研究表明，情境压力操纵（即隐性竞争、现金激励和观众诱导的压力）也会产生类似的减少。研究表明，性格自我意识低的人在压力下比高的人更容易窒息。（28 ref）（PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA，版权所有）
Choking under pressure is defined as performance decrements under circumstances that increase the importance of good or improved performance. The present author proposes a model for choking on coordination and skill tasks, holding that the pressure increases the conscious attention to the performer's own process of performance and that this increased conscious attention disrupts the automatic or overlearned nature of the execution. Six experiments, with approximately 120 Ss, provide data consistent with this model. Three studies show that increased attention to one's own process of performance resulted in performance decrements. Three other studies show similar decrements produced by situational manipulations of pressure (ie, implicit competition, a cash incentive, and audience-induced pressure). Individuals low in dispositional self-consciousness were shown to be more susceptible to choking under pressure than those high in it.(28 ref)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)