The selenide treatment of cancer.
The selenide treatment of cancer.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/bjs.1800218408
复制
发表时间：
1934-04-01
影响因子：
9.6
通讯作者：
Todd, AT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Todd, AT
这一发现的意义最初并没有被理解，因为需要做大量的实验工作。研究发现，大剂量的d4s——即通过邮寄或动物邮寄的最大剂量——具有相同的反应，肿瘤生长明显而迅速地加速。可能的解释是：(1)辐射在某种程度上加强了胶体的作用，从而使小剂量变成大剂量：从别人和我们自己的工作来看，这个结果一定是由于硒的作用，因为不含硒的铅胶体后的半径和离子不会产生这个结果。或者(2)硒化物的存在将相对较小的辐射剂量转化为相对较大的辐射剂量；对于零经验来说，除了少数特别敏感的肿瘤外，强辐射对肿瘤的生长也有刺激作用。第二种假设似乎更有吸引力。并采取措施制备了另一种更适合胶体-放射联合治疗的硒胶体。我们发现，在我的硫胶体存在的情况下，通过还原二氧化硒，硒得到了1,1 k，并产生了硫和硒的双胶体。我们称这种新胶体为“SSe”，在本文发表后，它将被释放给一般用户。也许有人会问：为什么这么多关于胶体的讨论？在我看来，癌症与肉芽肿密切相关，而联系的纽带是淋巴腺瘤。最近有部分证据表明后一种疾病是由一种病毒引起的。在此之前很久，我就已经确信癌症是一种传染性疾病，可能是由于病毒的存在刺激了生长。我承认还没有得到最后的证据，但是如果不带偏见地衡量这些证据，就没有什么理由支持其他观点。由于篇幅有限，我不能对这个问题作更详细的讨论。因此，我认为癌症是一种传染性疾病，存在一种中胚层组织的防御机制。但这种辩护总是失败。我称这种组织为“接合组织”。我给出了一些证据，证明癌症的慢性和放射性敏感性是。一般来说，与这个结的量成正比。~它由成纤维细胞组成。淋巴细胞、浆细胞、嗜酸性细胞、嗜碱性细胞和巨噬细胞。根据我们对其他疾病防御机制的了解，我们应该把巨噬细胞视为关键细胞，因为它们似乎控制着其他细胞的功能。这些巨噬细胞只能受到胶体的影响；它们会吞没任何电负性的胶体粒子。如果颗粒不能被巨噬细胞的酶分解，它就会被简单地储存起来或进入淋巴通道。但是，如果粒子可以被细胞酶化学地改变，就有几种可能性：可能会产生一些无害的化合物；可能会形成一种对产生它的细胞有毒的物质；一种刺激细胞代谢的化合物可能会产生，因此胶体是必需的，静脉注射对于进入巨噬细胞系统是必要的。
The significancc of this finding was not grasped at first, for a good deal of cxperimental work was necessary. It was found that massive dosage of D4S-that is, the largest doses tolcrablc by mail or animal-gave thc same response, a marked and prompt acceleration of neoplastic growth. Possible explanations were:(1) That radiation had in some way intensified thc action of the colloid and so converted a small into a large dose: from the work of others and ourselves2 this result must be due to the selenium, for radi a t’ion after lead colloids free from selenium does not give this result. Or (2) That the presence of the selenide had converted a relatively small into a relatively large dose of radiation; for nil-experience is that, with the exception of a few types of specially sensitive growths, intensive radiation also has a stimulating action on neoplastic growth. The second of these hypotheses appearccl to be the more attractive. and steps were taken to make another selenium colloid which mould be more amenable to combined colloid-radiation therapy. We found that by reducing selenium dioxide in the prcsence of my sulphur colloid, selenium was t,‘1 k en up and a double colloid of sulphur and seleniuni resulted. We call this ncw colloid ‘SSe’, and it will bc liberated for general u\e on publication of this article.It may be asked: Why so much talk about colloids? To my mind the disease cancer is closely related to thc granulomata, the connecting link being lymphadenoma. Partial proof has been afforded recently that the latter disease is due to a virus. I had become convinced long before this that cancer was an infective disease and probably due to growth stimulation from the presence of a virus. I admit that final proof is not yet attained, but if thc evidence is weighed without bias, there is little casc for any other conception. Space does not permit me to go into this question more fully. I considered, then, that cancer was an infective disease and that a defence mechanism of mesoblastic tissues was present. but that this defence always failed. This tissue I called ‘junction tissue ‘. and I gave some proof that chronicity and radio-sensitivity of a cancer werc. as a rule, proportional to the amount of this junction ti~ sue.~ It consists of fibroblasts. lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophage cells. From our knowledge of defence mechanisms in other diseases wc should regard the macrophages as the key cells, as they appear to govern the function of the others. These macrophages can only be influenced by colloids; they engulf any electro-negative colloidal particle. If the particle is incapable of being broken down by the enzymes of the macrophage, it is simply stored or passed away into the lymph channels. But if the particle can be cheiqically altered by the cell enzymes, there are several possibilities: some innocuous compound may result; a substance poisonous to the cell which has produced it may be formed; a compound which stimulates the metabolism of the cell may result, Thus a colloid is essential, and intravenous administration will be necessary for certain access to the macrophage system.