Health Benefits of Algal Polysaccharides in Human Nutrition
Health Benefits of Algal Polysaccharides in Human Nutrition
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-394597-6.00003-3
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Machu, Ludmila
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Misurcova, Ladislava;Skrovankova, Sona;Machu, Ludmila
在藻类被认为是相当奇特的食物的地区，人们对功能食品的兴趣也增加了，包括淡水和海藻产品及其可能促进健康的影响。从营养学的角度以及探索新的营养食品和药物的科学方法，人们越来越关注藻类作为许多营养物质和膳食纤维的丰富来源，这是基于许多生物活性化合物的存在，包括从藻类物质中提取的多糖。膳食纤维多糖的不同化学组成导致其具有不同的物理化学性质，如其能被人体结肠微生物群发酵而产生的有益健康的效果。基本海藻多糖由海藻酸盐、琼脂、卡拉胶、乌尔凡和岩藻多糖组成，广泛应用于食品和制药工业以及其他工业分支。此外，淡水藻和海藻多糖已成为生物活性天然化合物的重要来源，这些化合物可能具有生理作用。特别是，硫酸盐多糖具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗血栓、抗凝血、抗突变、抗炎、抗微生物和抗病毒活性，包括抗HIV感染、疱疹和肝炎病毒。一般来说，硫酸盐多糖的生物活性与其组成的不同有关，主要与其分子的硫酸盐化程度有关。由于对人类健康至关重要的多种营养物质，淡水藻类和海藻用于开发功能食品最近引起了极大的关注。
The interest in functional food, both freshwater and marine algal products with their possible promotional health effects, increases also in regions where algae are considered as rather exotic food. Increased attention about algae as an abundant source of many nutrients and dietary fiber from the nutrition point of view, as well as from the scientific approaches to explore new nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, is based on the presence of many bioactive compounds including polysaccharides extracted from algal matter. Diverse chemical composition of dietary fiber polysaccharides is responsible for their different physicochemical properties, such as their ability to be fermented by the human colonic microbiota resulted in health benefit effects. Fundamental seaweed polysaccharides are presented by alginates, agars, carrageenans, ulvanes, and fucoidans, which are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industry and also in other branches of industry. Moreover, freshwater algae and seaweed polysaccharides have emerged as an important source of bioactive natural compounds which are responsible for their possible physiological effects. Especially, sulfate polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory, antitumor, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities including anti-HIV infection, herpes, and hepatitis viruses. Generally, biological activity of sulfate polysaccharides is related to their different composition and mainly to the extent of the sulfation of their molecules. Significant attention has been recently focused on the use of both freshwater algae and seaweed for developing functional food by reason of a great variety of nutrients that are essential for human health.