Grassland management and views of nature in China since 1949: regional policies and local changes in Uxin Ju, inner Mongolia
Grassland management and views of nature in China since 1949: regional policies and local changes in Uxin Ju, inner Mongolia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2004.10.006
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发表时间：
2005-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Hong Jiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hong Jiang
本文概述了1949年开始的社会主义时期中国的草原管理，考察了国家政策和地方实践以及两者背后的自然观。案例研究发生在内蒙古西部的乌审居，这是一个以蒙古族为主的社区，在20世纪60年代因其对改造桑迪运动的热情而享有全国声誉。本文采用历史文化视角。草原是一个历史范畴，国家对它的表述随着政权政治经济意识形态的变化而变化。与此同时，当地人对草原的看法也发生了变化，这促使人们采取了积极的草原做法。通过考察草原管理和作为一种文化过程的地方变化，本文试图了解草原变化的一个维度，在中国还没有吸引太多的研究。本文对社会主义中国环境史的研究具有多方面的贡献。首先，它通过证明乌审居草原的改善和退化，增加了对毛泽东时代区域环境变化的复杂评估。其次，本文以可预测和令人惊讶的方式定位了当地人民的代理权，无论是在抵制还是挪用国家政策方面。第三，通过涵盖1949年以来的整个社会主义时期，本文有助于深入理解毛泽东（1949-1976）和后毛泽东（1976-至今）时代之间草原管理的连续性和间断性。
This paper surveys grassland management in China during the socialist period that began in 1949, examining state policies and local practices as well as views of nature underlying both. The case study is set in Uxin Ju, a Mongol-dominated community in western Inner Mongolia that enjoyed a national reputation in the 1960s for its enthusiasm in the campaign to transform its sandy land. This paper adopts a historical–cultural perspective. The grassland is a historical category whose formulation by the state has changed with the political–economic ideologies of the regime. At the same time, local views of the grassland have also changed, which facilitated the adoption of aggressive grassland practices. By examining grassland management and local change as a cultural process, this paper seeks to understand a dimension of grassland change that has not attracted much study in China. In several ways this paper contributes to the study of environmental history in socialist China. First, it adds to a complex appraisal of regional environmental change during the Mao era by demonstrating both grassland improvement and degradation in Uxin Ju. Second, this paper locates the agency of the local people in both predictable and surprising ways, both in resistance to and appropriation of state policies. Third, by covering the entire socialist period from 1949, this paper lends insights into the understanding of continuities and breaks in grassland management between the Mao (1949–1976) and post-Mao (1976–present) eras.