Biological Effects of Space Radiation and Development of Effective Countermeasures.
Biological Effects of Space Radiation and Development of Effective Countermeasures.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.lssr.2014.02.004
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kennedy, Ann R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kennedy, Ann R
作为评估宇航员暴露于空间辐射可能产生的不良生物影响方案的一部分，对与宇航员健康有关的许多不同的生物影响进行了评估。最近的主要焦点是评估与暴露于太阳粒子事件（SPE）辐射有关的风险。已评价的与各类空间辐射照射有关的影响如下：基因表达变化（主要与程序性细胞死亡和细胞外基质（ECM）重塑相关）、氧化应激、胃肠道细菌易位和免疫系统激活、外周造血细胞计数、呕吐、凝血、皮肤、行为/疲劳（包括社会探索、次极量运动跑步机和自发运动活动）、心脏功能、与宇航员视力问题相关的生物终点的改变（腰椎穿刺/颅内压、眼部超声和组织病理学研究）和生存率，以及长期影响，如癌症和白内障的发展。已经确定了一些不同的对策，这些对策有可能减轻或防止暴露于空间辐射造成的不利生物影响。
As part of a program to assess the adverse biological effects expected from astronaut exposure to space radiation, numerous different biological effects relating to astronaut health have been evaluated. There has been major focus recently on the assessment of risks related to exposure to solar particle event (SPE) radiation. The effects related to various types of space radiation exposure that have been evaluated are: gene expression changes (primarily associated with programmed cell death and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling), oxidative stress, gastrointestinal tract bacterial translocation and immune system activation, peripheral hematopoietic cell counts, emesis, blood coagulation, skin, behavior/fatigue (including social exploration, submaximal exercise treadmill and spontaneous locomotor activity), heart functions, alterations in biological endpoints related to astronaut vision problems (lumbar puncture/intracranial pressure, ocular ultrasound and histopathology studies), and survival, as well as long-term effects such as cancer and cataract development. A number of different countermeasures have been identified that can potentially mitigate or prevent the adverse biological effects resulting from exposure to space radiation.