The Role of Enemy-mediated Competition in Determining Fitness of a Generalist Herbivore
The Role of Enemy-mediated Competition in Determining Fitness of a Generalist Herbivore
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DOI：
10.3958/059.044.0108
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
Murphy, Shannon M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beshai, Ryan A.;Barnes, Elizabeth E.;Murphy, Shannon M.
间接竞争对昆虫群落的影响尚不清楚。我们研究了如何健身的一个群居的鳞翅目物种，美国白蛾，美国白蛾（德鲁里），是受另一个群居的毛虫物种，西方帐篷毛虫，Malacosoma califomicum（Packard）。秋白蛾和帐篷毛虫都以樱桃，弗吉尼亚李，并创造出丝状的结构，直到化蛹前它们一直居住在其中。初步观察表明，捕食者和寄生蜂居住在帐篷毛虫帐篷后，帐篷已被遗弃的毛虫，从而增加了帐篷附近的敌人的存在。我们假设，当饲养附近的帐篷毛虫帐篷，秋网虫是不太适合，因为附近的敌人（敌人介导的竞争）捕食增加。我们测试了我们的假设，在两个现场现场放置秋白蛾幼虫在现场有或没有帐篷毛虫帐篷附近。我们比较了存活率，寄生率，和健身之间的幼虫饲养与附近的帐篷。在一个现场，帐篷毛虫帐篷附近的蜘蛛幼虫消失速度比附近没有帐篷的幼虫快30%。虽然生存或健身没有显着差异幼虫饲养或附近没有帐篷，距离分开秋白蛾幼虫帐篷毛虫帐篷可能是重要的。我们的研究结果表明，敌人介导的竞争可能会影响美国白蛾幼虫的适合度，需要进一步研究。
The influence of indirect competition on insect communities is not well understood. We studied how the fitness of a gregarious lepidopteran species, fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), is affected by another gregarious caterpillar species, western tent caterpillar, Malacosoma califomicum (Packard). Fall webworm and tent caterpillars both feed on chokecherry, Prunus virginiana L., and create silken structures in which they reside until just prior to pupation. Preliminary observations suggested that predators and parasitoids reside in tent caterpillar tents after tents have been abandoned by the caterpillars, thus increasing the presence of enemies near tents. We hypothesized that when reared near tent caterpillar tents, fall webworms are less fit because of increased predation from nearby enemies (enemy-mediated competition). We tested our hypothesis at two field sites by placing fall webworm larvae in the field with or without a tent caterpillar tent nearby. We compared differences in survival rates, parasitism rates, and fitness between the larvae reared with and without tents nearby. At one field site, webworm larvae near tent caterpillar tents disappeared similar to 30% faster than did larvae without tents nearby. Although survival or fitness did not differ significantly between larvae reared with or without tents nearby, distance separating fall webworm larvae from a tent caterpillar tent might be important. Our results suggested that enemy-mediated competition might affect the fitness of fall webworm larvae and should be investigated further.